Pediatric pulmonology year in review 2017: Part 1

William A Gower1, David J Birnkrant2,3, Jane B Black3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.

Insights

This review covers recent advancements in pediatric pulmonology, focusing on diagnostic tools, neuromuscular disorder complications, and rare lung diseases in children. It highlights key research from the past year to inform clinical practice.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology
  • Pediatric Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Pediatric Pulmonology is a key journal for children's respiratory disorders.
  • Staying updated on the latest research is crucial for managing pediatric lung conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize significant publications in pediatric pulmonology from the past year.
  • To review selected literature on diagnostic testing, neuromuscular respiratory complications, and rare pediatric lung diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of articles published in Pediatric Pulmonology.
  • Selection of relevant literature from other journals.
  • Categorization of reviewed articles into key topic areas.

Main Results:

  • Key findings from diagnostic testing and endoscopy in pediatric respiratory cases.
  • Overview of respiratory complications associated with pediatric neuromuscular disorders.
  • Summary of recent advancements in understanding and managing rare pediatric lung diseases.

Conclusions:

  • This review provides a concise overview of critical developments in pediatric respiratory medicine.
  • It serves as a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers in the field.
  • Part 1 focuses on diagnostics, neuromuscular disorders, and rare lung diseases, with future parts covering other areas.

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.6K
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
274
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
326
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
242
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
305