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Related Concept Videos

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers01:24

Characteristics and Nomenclature of Copolymers

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Copolymers are the products obtained from the polymerization of multiple monomer species. So, in a polymer chain itself, there can be multiple repeating units that come from different monomers. The process of synthesizing a polymer from different monomer species is called copolymerization. When two monomers are involved, the polymer is known as a bipolymer. Polymers with three and four monomers are termed terpolymers and quaterpolymers, respectively. Figure 1 depicts the copolymerization of...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Clathrin Coated Vesicles01:12

Clathrin Coated Vesicles

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Clathrin-coated vesicles use endocytosis to transport receptors and lysosomal hydrolases from the Golgi to the lysosome in the late secretory pathway. Clathrin-mediated endocytosis was the first described endocytic process, and Clathrin-coated vesicles remain one of the most well-studied transport vesicles. The molecular machinery that generates clathrin-coated vesicles comprises over 50 proteins that precisely coordinate vesicle formation. Cell surface receptors concentrated in indented sites...
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COP Coated Vesicles00:59

COP Coated Vesicles

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Membrane-enclosed structures called vesicles transport proteins and lipids across the cell. The vesicles derive their cargo from the plasma membrane, Golgi, ER, or endosome. Coated vesicles are spherical, protein-coated carriers with a 50–100 nm diameter that mediate bidirectional transport between the ER and the Golgi. The distribution of proteins between the ER and Golgi complex is dynamic and is maintained by different coated vesicles. Their formation is driven by the assembly of...
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Coat Assembly and GTPases01:33

Coat Assembly and GTPases

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Vesicles incorporate different coat protein subunits in different cell locations, which changes the properties of the coat, such as the shape and geometry of the transport vesicles. Thus, vesicle coat proteins also play a significant role in cargo selection.
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

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Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Universal Coatings Based on Zwitterionic-Dopamine Copolymer Microgels.

Mohammad Vatankhah-Varnosfaderani1, Xiaobo Hu1, Qiaoxi Li1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill , Chapel Hill , North Carolina 27599-3290 , United States.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed advanced microgels for multifunctional coatings. These coatings offer strong adhesion to diverse surfaces and provide antifouling and antifogging properties, crucial for various industries.

Keywords:
antifoggingantifoulingdopaminefilmmicrogelszwitterionic

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Chemistry
  • Surface Science

Background:

  • Multifunctional coatings are essential across diverse industries like automotive, aerospace, and biomedical fields.
  • Achieving strong adhesion to chemically distinct substrates while imparting additional functionalities remains a significant challenge.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and synthesize novel microgels for creating advanced multifunctional coatings.
  • To integrate dopamine and zwitterionic moieties into microgels to achieve robust adhesion and surface properties.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of well-defined, nearly monodisperse microgels incorporating dopamine methacrylamide and zwitterionic monomers.
  • Utilizing dopamine for intraparticle cross-linking and interfacial binding.
  • Employing zwitterionic moieties for surface hydration and antifouling/antifogging capabilities.
  • Drop-casting microgel suspensions for rapid film formation under varying environmental conditions.

Main Results:

  • The synthesized microgels effectively form robust coatings with strong adhesion to various substrates.
  • Dopamine functionalities contribute to both mechanical strength and interfacial binding.
  • Zwitterionic moieties impart significant antifouling and antifogging characteristics.
  • Tunable coating roughness was achieved by controlling cross-linking density and deposition parameters.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microgel system offers a versatile platform for creating high-performance, multifunctional coatings.
  • The integration of dopamine and zwitterionic monomers provides a dual approach to enhance coating performance.
  • This approach facilitates rapid, adaptable film formation for industrial applications.