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Interaction of Zwitterionic and Ionic Monomers with Graphene Surfaces
Suguna Perumal, Atchudan Raji1, In Woo Cheong
1School of Chemical Engineering , Yeungnam University , Gyeongsan 38541 , Republic of Korea.
Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|May 24, 2018
Summary
This study measured interaction forces between zwitterionic/ionic monomers and graphene surfaces using atomic force microscopy. Cation-π interactions dominated in water, while anion-π interactions were key in air, influencing material compatibility.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Surface Chemistry
- Nanotechnology
Background:
- Understanding material interactions is crucial for applications like coatings, adhesion, and composites.
- Graphene and its derivatives (like reduced graphene oxide) offer unique properties for advanced materials.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically investigate the interaction forces between zwitterionic and ionic monomers and graphite (G) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) surfaces.
- To elucidate the mechanisms governing these interactions in different environments (air and water).
- To assess the potential of these monomers for graphene dispersion applications.
Main Methods:
- Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) was employed to measure interaction forces.
- Four specific monomers were studied: 2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate (MPC), [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl)ammonium hydroxide (SBE), [2-(acryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (ATC), and 2-methyl-2-propene-1-sulfonic acid sodium (MSS).
- High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to verify adsorption.
Main Results:
- Sulfonate-containing monomers (MSS, SBE) showed stronger interactions with G in air, while quaternary ammonium monomers (MPC, ATC) interacted more strongly in water.
- On rGO surfaces, quaternary ammonium monomers exhibited stronger interactions irrespective of the medium.
- Cation-π interactions were favored in water, and anion-π interactions in air with G surfaces.
- Adhesion on rGO was generally lower than on G.
- MPC demonstrated the highest dispersibility for aqueous graphene dispersions.
Conclusions:
- The interaction mechanisms (cation-π and anion-π) depend on the monomer's chemical structure and the surrounding medium.
- Monomer-graphene interactions are influenced by surface properties of both graphite and rGO.
- MPC shows promise for creating stable aqueous graphene dispersions.
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