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Performance of an Additional Task During Level 2 Automated Driving: An On-Road Study Comparing Drivers With and
Ignacio Solís-Marcos1, Christer Ahlström1, Katja Kircher1
1VTI (Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute), Linköping.
Human Factors
|May 24, 2018
Summary
Prior experience with Level 2 automation (PA2) impacts driver behavior, leading to decreased performance on additional tasks. Drivers with PA2 experience engaged more with the system and task, while novices used compensatory strategies.
Area of Science:
- Human-Computer Interaction
- Automotive Engineering
- Cognitive Psychology
Background:
- Level 2 automation is increasingly available, yet its influence on driver behavior and task management is not fully understood.
- Existing research suggests potential increases in secondary task engagement during Level 2 automation, but the integration of multiple demands remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine how prior experience with Level 2 automation affects driver performance on secondary tasks during both manual and automated driving.
- To analyze the impact of automation experience on driver attention, task execution, and compensatory behaviors.
Main Methods:
- Twenty-one drivers, divided by Level 2 automation experience, completed highway drives under manual and Level 2 automation (Volvo Pilot Assist generation 2; PA2) conditions.
- Drivers performed an additional task, either self-paced or system-paced, while their visual attention, task performance, and other strategies were monitored.
Main Results:
- Driving with PA2 resulted in lower scores on the additional task and increased visual attention directed towards the dashboard.
- Drivers experienced with PA2 demonstrated greater system and task engagement and performed more overtakes compared to novice drivers.
- In self-paced conditions, all drivers allocated more visual attention to the secondary task and reported lower mental workload.
Conclusions:
- Secondary tasks significantly interfere more with Level 2 automation compared to manual driving.
- Drivers, especially novices, employed compensatory strategies to manage the increased demands of Level 2 automation.
- Findings highlight the need for automation designers to account for these driver behavioral effects in future system development.
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