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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
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Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
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Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
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Solid-State Electrolyte Anchored with a Carboxylated Azo Compound for All-Solid-State Lithium Batteries.

Chao Luo1, Xiao Ji1,2, Ji Chen1

  • 1Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Azo compounds in all-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLB) prevent dissolution and capacity decay. Ionic bonding between the azo compound and solid electrolyte ensures stable cycling for sustainable batteries.

Keywords:
azo compoundscarboxylate groupselectrochemistrylithium batteriessulfide electrolytes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Sustainable Energy

Background:

  • Organic electrode materials offer a sustainable alternative for lithium-ion batteries.
  • High solubility of organic materials in liquid electrolytes leads to shuttle reactions and capacity fading.
  • All-solid-state lithium batteries (ASSLBs) are explored to overcome these limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce azo compounds as novel organic electrode materials for ASSLBs.
  • To address the dissolution and shuttle effect challenges in organic battery materials.
  • To enhance the stability and cycle life of organic electrode materials in ASSLBs.

Main Methods:

  • Application of azo compounds, specifically azobenzene (AB) derivatives, in ASSLBs.
  • Utilizing lithium thiophosphate (Li3PS4 or LPS) as the solid electrolyte.
  • Incorporating a carboxylate group to form 4-(phenylazo) benzoic acid lithium salt (PBALS) for improved interfacial bonding.

Main Results:

  • Azo compounds effectively suppress dissolution and shuttle reactions in ASSLBs.
  • PBALS demonstrates high compatibility with the LPS solid electrolyte.
  • Ionic bonding between PBALS and LPS stabilizes the electrode-electrolyte interface.
  • Stable cycling performance was achieved for PBALS in ASSLBs.

Conclusions:

  • Azo compounds are viable organic electrode materials for sustainable ASSLBs.
  • The developed PBALS material with LPS solid electrolyte offers a promising strategy for stable and long-lasting batteries.
  • This approach mitigates key challenges associated with organic electrode materials in battery applications.