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Related Concept Videos

Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

120.1K
The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
120.1K
Anatomy of the Heart01:20

Anatomy of the Heart

3.2K
The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
The heart has three layers: the innermost endocardium, the muscular myocardium, and the outer epicardium, all working together for optimal cardiac function.
Chambers of the Heart
The heart is made up of four...
3.2K
Overview of the Heart01:07

Overview of the Heart

14.1K
The heart, a muscular organ located in the chest, functions as the body's pump, circulating blood through the vascular system. It has four chambers: two atria on top and two ventricles below. The right atrium receives deoxygenated blood from the body and passes it to the right ventricle, which pumps it to the lungs for oxygenation. The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and transfers it to the left ventricle, which pumps it to the rest of the body.
The heart's structure...
14.1K
Conduction System of the Heart01:19

Conduction System of the Heart

13.6K
Autorhythmicity is a term that refers to the heart's inherent ability to generate electrical signals and instigate muscle contractions. This self-regulating conduction system within the heart consists of two key components: the pacemaker cells and specialized conducting cells.
The pacemaker cells are located in two primary nodes: the sinoatrial (SA) node and the atrioventricular (AV) node. The SA node pacemaker cells can autonomously depolarize, triggering an action potential that leads to the...
13.6K
Conduction System of the Heart01:20

Conduction System of the Heart

3.9K
The cardiac conduction system produces and transmits electrical impulses that prompt myocardial contraction, ensuring efficient heart function. This intricate system ensures that the heart beats in a coordinated and efficient manner, beginning with the atria and then the ventricles. The conduction system optimizes cardiac output by maintaining this precise sequence, which is crucial for adequate blood circulation.
This system relies on the unique properties of nodal and Purkinje cells:...
3.9K
Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

10.6K
The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
10.6K

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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease
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Implantation of Total Artificial Heart in Congenital Heart Disease

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Ghrelin and the heart.

Takeshi Tokudome1, Kentaro Otani1, Mikiya Miyazato1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry (T.T, M.M), Regenerative Medicine and Tissue Engineering (K.O), and Trustee (K.K), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Suita, Osaka, Japan.

Peptides
|May 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Ghrelin, a peptide hormone, shows significant benefits for cardiovascular diseases. Studies indicate its potential in improving heart function, reducing arrhythmias, and aiding recovery after myocardial infarction.

Keywords:
Autonomic nervous systemGHS-RGhrelinHeart

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Ghrelin is an endogenous peptide hormone and the primary ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor.
  • Ghrelin regulates energy balance, body weight, and glucose/fat metabolism.
  • Emerging evidence suggests ghrelin's therapeutic potential in cardiovascular diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the multifaceted roles of ghrelin in cardiovascular health and disease.
  • To explore ghrelin's efficacy in various cardiac conditions, including heart failure and myocardial infarction.
  • To summarize the mechanisms underlying ghrelin's cardioprotective effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical animal models and clinical studies involving ghrelin administration.
  • Analysis of ghrelin's impact on cardiac function, remodeling, and electrophysiology.
  • Investigation of ghrelin's effects on pulmonary hypertension and cachexia in relevant disease models.

Main Results:

  • Ghrelin administration improved cardiac function and remodeling in animal models and human heart failure patients.
  • Ghrelin diminished pulmonary hypertension in animal models.
  • Ghrelin administration post-myocardial infarction reduced fatal arrhythmias and improved survival rates.
  • Ghrelin ameliorated muscle wasting and improved functional capacity in COPD patients.

Conclusions:

  • Ghrelin demonstrates significant cardioprotective effects across various cardiovascular conditions.
  • Its benefits may stem from direct actions on cardiac cells and autonomic nervous system regulation.
  • Ghrelin represents a promising therapeutic agent for managing cardiac diseases.