Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Intravenous and Intra-amniotic In Utero Transplantation in the Murine Model
Published on: October 9, 2018
Iodine-Induced Fetal Hypothyroidism: Diagnosis and Treatment with Intra-Amniotic Levothyroxine
Macy T Hardley1, Andrew H Chon2, Jorge Mestman3
1Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Background:
Iodine is necessary for fetal thyroid development. Excess maternal intake of iodine can cause fetal hypothyroidism due to the inability to escape from the Wolff-Chaikoff effect in utero.
Case Report:
We report a case of fetal hypothyroid goiter secondary to inadvertent excess maternal iodine ingestion from infertility supplements. The fetus was successfully treated with intra-amniotic levothyroxine injections. Serial fetal blood sampling confirmed fetal escape from the Wolff-Chaikoff effect in the mid third trimester. Early hearing test and neurodevelopmental milestones were normal.
Conclusion:
Intra-amniotic treatment of fetal hypothyroidism may decrease the rate of impaired neurodevelopment and sensorineural hearing loss.
Related Concept Videos
Fetal Circulation
Two umbilical arteries transport blood from the fetus to the placenta. At the placenta, the blood absorbs oxygen and nutrients while simultaneously eliminating waste products. This oxygen-enriched and nutrient-rich blood then returns to the fetus through one...
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Fluorination and Iodination of Benzene
Nursing Diagnosis
The nursing diagnosis focuses on evidence-based...
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I
There are thirteen domains...
Documentation of Nursing Diagnosis
In some settings, data-driven computerized decision support systems are in place, allowing for more accurate nursing diagnoses. The database within one of these systems includes diagnostic labels defining characteristics, activities, and indicators for nursing. A nurse enters...
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II
Risk nursing diagnoses represent clinical judgments of an individual, family, or community more vulnerable to developing the health problem than others...

