Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions02:21

Electrolyte and Nonelectrolyte Solutions

72.1K
Substances that undergo either a physical or a chemical change in solution to yield ions that can conduct electricity are called electrolytes. If a substance yields ions in solution, that is, if the compound undergoes 100% dissociation, then the substance is a strong electrolyte. Complete dissociation is indicated by a single forward arrow. For example, water-soluble ionic compounds like sodium chloride dissociate into sodium cations and chloride anions in aqueous solution.
72.1K
Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor03:08

Electrolytes: van't Hoff Factor

37.0K
Colligative Properties of Electrolytes
The colligative properties of a solution depend only on the number, not on the identity, of solute species dissolved. The concentration terms in the equations for various colligative properties (freezing point depression, boiling point elevation, osmotic pressure) pertain to all solute species present in the solution. Nonelectrolytes dissolve physically without dissociation or any other accompanying process. Each molecule that dissolves yields one...
37.0K
Water and Mineral Acquisition02:34

Water and Mineral Acquisition

35.9K
Specialized tissues in plant roots have evolved to capture water, minerals, and some ions from the soil. Roots exhibit a variety of branching patterns that facilitate this process. The outermost root cells have specialized structures called root hairs that increase the root surface, thus increasing soil contact. Water can passively cross into roots, as the concentration of water in the soil is higher than that of the root tissue. Minerals, in contrast, are actively transported into root cells.
35.9K
Protein-protein Interfaces02:04

Protein-protein Interfaces

14.8K
Many proteins form complexes to carry out their functions, making protein-protein interactions (PPIs) essential for an organism's survival. Most PPIs are stabilized by numerous weak noncovalent chemical forces. The physical shape of the interfaces determines the way two proteins interact. Many globular proteins have closely-matching shapes on their surfaces, which form a large number of weak bonds. Additionally, many PPIs occur between two helices or between a surface cleft and a...
14.8K
Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

16.3K
In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
Role of Sodium
One...
16.3K
Minerals01:26

Minerals

1.3K
Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.
 
Major...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mercury transfer and transformation from mine soil to river sediments: the potential role of amorphous iron oxides in methylation processes in southern Burkina Faso.

Environmental science. Processes & impacts·2025
Same author

A 2-million-year-old ecosystem in Greenland uncovered by environmental DNA.

Nature·2022
Same author

Mechanistic insight into biopolymer induced iron oxide mineralization through quantification of molecular bonding.

Nanoscale advances·2022
Same author

Surface evolution of aluminosilicate glass fibers during dissolution: Influence of pH, solid-to-solution ratio and organic treatment.

Journal of colloid and interface science·2021
Same author

First-Principles Prediction of Surface Wetting.

Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids·2020
Same author

Surface Reactivity and Dissolution Properties of Alumina-Silica Glasses and Fibers.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Determination of the Settling Rate of Clay/Cyanobacterial Floccules
06:00

Determination of the Settling Rate of Clay/Cyanobacterial Floccules

Published on: June 11, 2018

7.4K

Composition in the Interface between Clay Mineral Surfaces and Divalent Cation Electrolytes.

S Jelavić1, A R Nielsen1, S L S Stipp1

  • 1Nano-Science Center, Department of Chemistry , University of Copenhagen , Universitetsparken 5 , Copenhagen 2100 , Denmark.

Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids
|May 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Direct observation of the clay mineral-solution interface using cryo-XPS reveals changes in electric double layer (EDL) composition with ionic strength. This finding clarifies clay mineral roles in low salinity enhanced oil recovery (LS EOR).

More Related Videos

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method
06:26

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Published on: October 6, 2017

8.8K
Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

22.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Determination of the Settling Rate of Clay/Cyanobacterial Floccules
06:00

Determination of the Settling Rate of Clay/Cyanobacterial Floccules

Published on: June 11, 2018

7.4K
Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method
06:26

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

Published on: October 6, 2017

8.8K
Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications
05:33

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

22.3K

Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Surface Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • The electric double layer (EDL) at solid-fluid interfaces is crucial for adsorption.
  • Direct molecular-level experimental data on interface composition changes are scarce.
  • Understanding clay mineral-solution interactions is vital for various applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally observe the molecular composition of the clay mineral-solution interface in situ.
  • To investigate how bulk solution composition influences the interface composition and EDL structure.
  • To elucidate the role of clay mineral surface charge in low salinity enhanced oil recovery (LS EOR).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized cryogenic X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (cryo-XPS) on vitrified clay mineral samples (illite, chlorite).
  • Analyzed samples under varying MgCl2 and CaCl2 electrolyte concentrations (1-125 mM).
  • Preserved interfacial water and ions in an amorphous state via rapid freezing in liquid N2.

Main Results:

  • Directly observed changes in interface region charge and composition with decreasing ionic strength.
  • Monitored anion deficiency and determined Cl-/Me2+ ratios, which dropped below 1 at specific concentrations for illite and chlorite.
  • Established a link between clay mineral surface charge density and LS EOR performance.

Conclusions:

  • Cryo-XPS provides unprecedented molecular-level insight into solid-fluid interfaces.
  • Clay minerals with surface charge density similar to or lower than chlorite are key for LS EOR.
  • This research resolves contradictions in understanding clay mineral contributions to LS EOR.