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Related Concept Videos

Tracheostomy Suctioning II: Procedure01:23

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Tracheostomy suctioning is a vital nursing procedure that involves removing secretions from the tracheostomy tube to maintain airway patency and prevent respiratory complications. Nurses need to understand the proper technique for tracheostomy suctioning to ensure patient safety and comfort. In this guide, we will outline the step-by-step process for performing tracheostomy suctioning, including preparing the sterile field, donning personal protective equipment (PPE), lubricating and connecting...
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Tracheostomy suctioning is a critical procedure healthcare professionals perform to maintain a patent airway in patients with a tracheostomy tube. This procedure is necessary when secretions accumulate in the airway, causing respiratory distress. Here is a step-wise procedural guide for performing tracheostomy suctioning using an open system.
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Leveling Effect01:29

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In acid-base chemistry, the leveling effect refers to the limitation imposed by the solvent on the strength of acids and bases in solution. When a base stronger than the solvent's conjugate base is used, it deprotonates the solvent until the base is entirely consumed, making it ineffective against weaker acids. Conversely, an acid stronger than the solvent's conjugate acid protonates the solvent until the acid is depleted, rendering it ineffective against weaker bases. Essentially, the...
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Comparison of three infant venous reservoirs with vacuum-assisted venous drainage during varying levels of cardiotomy suction.

Perfusion·2019
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Ex Vivo Red Blood Cell Hemolysis Assay for the Evaluation of pH-responsive Endosomolytic Agents for Cytosolic Delivery of Biomacromolecular Drugs
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Improving hemolysis levels associated with cardiotomy suction.

Jared Arensdorf1, Halle Petitt1, David Holt1

  • 1College of Allied Health Professions, Clinical Perfusion, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.

Perfusion
|May 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cardiopulmonary bypass suction causes significant blood damage (hemolysis). A Venturi-powered suction system effectively eliminates hemolysis, offering a safer alternative to traditional vacuum suction methods.

Keywords:
Venturicardiopulmonary bypasscardiotomy suctionhemolysisplasma free hemoglobin

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Cardiovascular Surgery
  • Hemodynamics

Background:

  • Cardiotomy suction is a primary source of hemolysis during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).
  • Negative pressures and air-blood interfaces in suctioned blood significantly increase red blood cell damage.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reduce hemolysis during CPB by eliminating the air-blood interface using Venturi effect suction.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of Venturi suction in lowering plasma free hemoglobin (PFH) levels compared to conventional vacuum suction.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated three cardiotomy suction methods: vacuum, Venturi, and a paradigm approach (Venturi with modifications).
  • Measured plasma free hemoglobin (PFH) levels as an indicator of hemolysis across the different suction conditions.

Main Results:

  • Vacuum suction significantly increased PFH levels from baseline (p=0.0039).
  • Venturi and paradigm suction groups did not show significant increases in PFH from baseline (p=0.0625, p=0.125).
  • Vacuum suction resulted in significantly higher PFH levels than both Venturi and paradigm methods (p<0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Traditional vacuum suction causes excessive hemolysis during CPB.
  • Venturi-powered suction is a hemolysis-free alternative that mitigates blood damage.
  • Venturi suction systems can be implemented to reduce the adverse effects of cardiotomy suction.