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Assessing Disaster Resilience of Concrete with Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles
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Titanium dioxide nanoparticles induce in vitro autophagy.

X Dai1, R Liu1, N Li1

  • 11 Department of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, People's Republic of China.

Human & Experimental Toxicology
|May 25, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) exposure harms cell viability and induces autophagy in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests TiO2 NPs toxicology plays a key role in autophagy, requiring further research for safe application.

Keywords:
Nanosized titanium dioxideautophagecell damagecytotoxicitymurine macrophage cells

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Area of Science:

  • Nanotoxicology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Growing concerns exist regarding the environmental and human health toxicity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs).
  • Understanding the cellular mechanisms underlying TiO2 NP toxicity is crucial for risk assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the in vitro relationship between titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2 NP) toxicology and autophagy.
  • To elucidate the impact of TiO2 NPs on cellular viability and autophagic processes.

Main Methods:

  • RAW 264.7 macrophage cells were exposed to varying concentrations (50–400 μg/mL) and sizes (30 and 100 nm) of TiO2 NPs for 24 hours.
  • Assessed cell viability, phagocytic activity, and autophagic markers including monodansyl cadaverine staining, transmission electron microscopy, and expression of LC3 and Beclin-1.

Main Results:

  • TiO2 NPs significantly decreased cell viability, phagocytic rate, and phagocytic index in a concentration-dependent manner.
  • Autophagy was induced by TiO2 NPs, evidenced by increased monodansyl cadaverine staining and observable autophagosomes via transmission electron microscopy.
  • Expression of autophagy-related genes (LC3, Beclin-1) and proteins was significantly upregulated with increasing TiO2 NP concentrations.

Conclusions:

  • TiO2 NP-induced toxicology appears to play a significant role in triggering autophagy in RAW 264.7 cells.
  • These findings highlight the potential autophagic pathway as a key mechanism in TiO2 NP toxicity.
  • Further comprehensive research on the harmful effects of TiO2 NPs in relevant organisms is necessary for ensuring their safe application.