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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...

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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers

A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers

Published on: January 18, 2020

Joint attention in Down syndrome: A meta-analysis.

Laura J Hahn¹, Susan J Loveall², Madison T Savoy²

¹University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Department of Speech & Hearing Science, 901 South Sixth St. MC-482, Champaign, IL, 61820, United States.

Research in Developmental Disabilities

|May 25, 2018

Summary

Joint attention is not a weakness in children with Down syndrome (DS), appearing commensurate with developmental level. Early interventions can leverage these skills for children with DS.

Keywords:

Autism spectrum disorder Behavioral phenotype Down syndrome Joint attention Language development Meta-analysis Social development

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Area of Science:

Developmental Psychology
Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Genetics

Background:

Joint attention skills in Down syndrome (DS) have yielded conflicting results in previous research.
Some studies suggest joint attention is a relative strength in DS, while others do not.

Purpose of the Study:

To conduct a meta-analysis to determine if joint attention is a relative strength or weakness in DS.
To compare joint attention in DS with typical development (TD), developmental disabilities (DD), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD).

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search for studies published before September 13, 2016.
Inclusion criteria, descriptive data, and outcome variables were coded for 11 studies.
Meta-regression analysis was used to explore associations between variables.

Main Results:

Children with DS demonstrated joint attention comparable to TD children.
Children with DS exhibited significantly higher joint attention than children with DD and ASD.
Age was significantly associated with joint attention effect sizes in the DS vs. TD comparison.

Conclusions:

Joint attention is not a deficit in children with DS and may be commensurate with their overall developmental level.
Joint attention may represent a relative strength within the behavioral phenotype of DS.
Intervention strategies for DS should consider utilizing joint attention skills.