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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Published on: June 17, 2025
Modes of Action of Intravenous Immunoglobulin in Bullous Pemphigoid
Ning Li1, Donna Culton1, Luis A Diaz1
1Department of Dermatology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.
Abstract:
Bullous pemphigoid is an autoantibody-mediated skin blistering disease. Previous studies revealed that intravenous Ig is therapeutic in animal models of bullous pemphigoid by saturating the IgG-protective receptor FcRn, thereby accelerating degradation of pathogenic IgG. Sasaoka et al. demonstrate that the inhibitory effects of intravenous Ig on bullous pemphigoid are also associated with negative modulation of cytokine production by keratinocytes.
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