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Related Concept Videos

Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

18.0K
All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they...
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Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

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The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...
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Inhaled Medications01:23

Inhaled Medications

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Inhaled medications are crucial for managing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. They are essential for effective treatment and control, ensuring optimal respiratory health and well-being. Inhaled medication delivers drugs directly to the lungs, providing a rapid onset of action and reducing systemic side effects compared to oral or injectable medications. Three primary types of inhalation devices are used to administer these medications: nebulizers, metered-dose inhalers...
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Absorption of Radiation01:05

Absorption of Radiation

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The rate of heat transfer by emitted radiation is described by the Stefan-Boltzmann law of radiation:
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Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current01:14

Diamagnetic Shielding of Nuclei: Local Diamagnetic Current

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An applied magnetic field causes the electrons present in the molecule to circulate, setting up a local diamagnetic current within the molecule. The local diamagnetic current arising from circulating sigma-bonding electrons induces a magnetic field, Blocal that opposes the applied magnetic field, B0. The effective magnetic field experienced by these nuclei is given by the difference between the applied and local magnetic fields in a phenomenon called local diamagnetic shielding. Essentially,...
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Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving01:09

Radiation Pressure: Problem Solving

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The radiation pressure applied by an electromagnetic wave on a perfectly absorbing surface equals the energy density of the wave. The wave's momentum also gets transferred to the surface when an electromagnetic wave is entirely absorbed by it. The rate at which momentum is transmitted to an absorbing surface perpendicular to the propagation direction equals the force on the surface.
The average value of the rate of momentum transfer divided by the absorbing area represents the average force...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Dynamic Lung Tumor Tracking for Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiation Therapy
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Shielding in Medical Imaging and Radiation Therapy.

Jake Rumanek, Myke Kudlas

    Radiologic Technology
    |May 26, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Medical radiation is a significant source of exposure. This review covers radiation basics, its effects, and shielding methods to minimize patient and personnel radiation exposure, ensuring safety in healthcare settings.

    Area of Science:

    • Medical Physics
    • Radiological Health

    Background:

    • Ionizing radiation in medicine constitutes nearly 50% of annual radiation exposure in the U.S.
    • While medical radiation offers benefits, it carries inherent risks.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the fundamental nature of ionizing radiation.
    • To explain the effects of radiation on matter.
    • To discuss radiation shielding strategies for minimizing exposure.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review on radiation physics and safety principles.
    • Analysis of radiation interaction with biological and non-biological materials.
    • Examination of shielding materials and techniques.

    Main Results:

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  • Understanding radiation's properties is crucial for risk assessment.
  • Effective shielding is vital for protecting individuals in medical environments.
  • Implementing 'as low as reasonably achievable' (ALARA) principles is key.

    • Conclusions:

    • Medical applications of ionizing radiation necessitate robust safety protocols.
    • Shielding is an essential tool for mitigating radiation risks in healthcare.
    • Continuous review of radiation safety practices ensures optimal protection.