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Related Concept Videos

Hearing01:31

Hearing

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When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Co-activators and Co-repressors02:04

Co-activators and Co-repressors

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Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...
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tRNA Activation02:26

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Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are present in both eukaryotes and bacteria. Though eukaryotes have 20 different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to couple to 20 amino acids, many bacteria do not have genes for all of these aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Despite this, they still use all 20 amino acids to synthesize their proteins. For instance, some bacteria do not have the gene encoding the enzyme that couples glutamine with its partner tRNA. In these organisms, one enzyme adds glutamic acid to all of the...
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Activation Energy01:26

Activation Energy

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Activation energy is the minimum amount of energy necessary for a chemical reaction to move forward. The higher the activation energy, the slower the rate of the reaction. However, adding heat to the reaction will increase the rate, since it causes molecules to move faster and increase the likelihood that molecules will collide. The collision and breaking of bonds represents the uphill phase of a reaction and generates the transition state. The transition state is an unstable high-energy state...
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Eukaryotic Transcription Activators02:42

Eukaryotic Transcription Activators

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Transcription activators are proteins that promote the transcription of genes from DNA to RNA. In most cases, these proteins contain two separate domains ‒ a domain that binds to DNA and a domain for activating transcription; however, in some cases, a single domain is responsible for both binding and activation of transcription, as seen in the glucocorticoid receptor and MyoD.
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Performance Results and Timing of Cochlear Implantation in Patients With DFNA9 (p.Pro51Ser).

Otology & neurotology : official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology·2026
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From Sound to Stability: Lessons Learned From the CRUSH Study on Hearing Loss Progression and Vestibular Phenotype in Usher Syndrome Type 2A.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages
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Systematic Hearing Performance Evaluation Process for Adolescents with Cochlear Implantation at Early Ages

Published on: March 24, 2023

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Hearing Rehabilitation with Active Middle Ear Implants.

Neil P Donnelly, Ronald J E Pennings

    Advances in Oto-Rhino-Laryngology
    |May 26, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Active middle ear implants offer advanced hearing restoration for hearing loss patients. This review covers current devices, their uses, and outcomes, highlighting technological progress in auditory implants.

    Area of Science:

    • Otolaryngology
    • Biomedical Engineering
    • Audiology

    Background:

    • Hearing loss affects millions globally, with technological advancements offering new solutions.
    • Traditional hearing aids and bone-anchored devices have limitations for some patients.
    • Active middle ear implants (AMEIs) represent a significant development in hearing restoration.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review the current landscape of active middle ear implant technology.
    • To outline the clinical indications for AMEIs.
    • To summarize the existing literature on the outcomes of AMEI use.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature review of available AMEI devices.
    • Analysis of clinical indications and patient selection criteria.

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  • Synthesis of published data on audiological and patient-reported outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • Several AMEI systems are available, each with unique features.
    • Indications vary, often including sensorineural hearing loss and mixed hearing loss.
    • Literature suggests significant improvements in hearing function and quality of life for many recipients.

    Conclusions:

    • Active middle ear implants are effective alternatives for specific patient groups.
    • Ongoing technological evolution promises further improvements in hearing implant performance.
    • Further research is needed to optimize patient selection and long-term outcomes.