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Natural selection is an evolutionary process in which individuals with survival-promoting traits reproduce at higher rates. These favorable traits become more common within a population or species. Naturally selected traits initially arise via random genetic mutations. In order for selection to occur, there must be variation within a population, the trait controlling the variation must be heritable, and there must be an evolutionary advantage for variation in the trait.
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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When the fitness of a trait is influenced by how common it is (i.e., its frequency) relative to different traits within a population, this is referred to as frequency-dependent selection. Frequency-dependent selection may occur between species or within a single species. This type of selection can either be positive—with more common phenotypes having higher fitness—or negative, with rarer phenotypes conferring increased fitness.
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A Web-Based Workflow for Selecting Gene- and Tissue-Specific Enhancers
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Selective Removal of Carious Tissue.

David Ricketts, Nicola Innes, Falk Schwendicke

    Monographs in Oral Science
    |May 26, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Selective caries removal involves removing decayed tooth tissue to varying depths based on lesion depth. This minimally invasive approach aims to preserve pulp health by avoiding over-excavation of carious dentin.

    Area of Science:

    • Dentistry
    • Cariology
    • Restorative Dentistry

    Background:

    • The debate on carious tissue removal has evolved from G.V. Black's complete caries removal to selective removal.
    • Selective caries removal differentiates between infected and affected dentin layers, originating in the 1960s-70s.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe and quantify appropriate carious tissue removal techniques.
    • To discuss conventional and novel methods for selective caries removal.
    • To address challenges associated with leaving residual carious dentin.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of selective carious tissue removal techniques (to firm, leathery, soft dentine).
    • Discussion of conventional and novel methods for achieving selective removal.
    • Analysis of implications for pulpal health and long-term monitoring.

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    Main Results:

    • Selective removal to firm dentine is suitable for shallow to moderate lesions.
    • Selective removal to soft dentine is recommended for deep lesions near the pulp to prevent exposure.
    • This approach aims to preserve pulp vitality and health.

    Conclusions:

    • Selective carious tissue removal is an evidence-based, minimally invasive technique.
    • While challenges exist in assessing pulpal health and monitoring residual caries, they should not deter adoption.
    • This approach supports the preservation of vital pulps in caries management.