Nectar feeding by mosquitoes in Sweden, with special reference to Culex pipiens and Cx torrentium

1. Nectar feeding by mosquitoes collected from tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) flowers was studied in July and August 1983-85 at two sites in central and south-western Sweden. Prior to fructose analysis, gonotrophic state and parity was determined. 2. A total of 1010 mosquitoes (70% males) of eighteen species was collected. Fructose was detected in 75% of the males and 78% of the females. Most (86%) mosquitoes collected belonged to Culex pipiens and Cx torrentium. 3. Among 219 Cx pipiens females, for most of which the abdomen appeared gravid (52%) or empty (42%), 81% were fructose-positive. Females of other species were also proved to have fed on plant sugars in both early and later stages of the gonotrophic cycle. 4. In Cx pipiens and males of Cx torrentium peak nectar feeding occurred between 22.00 and 04.00 hours. Data for males of both species suggested a V-shaped pattern of nectar feeding activity during the night. 5. At about 16 degrees C nearly all mosquitoes became fructose-negative in the anthrone test within 20 h after collection from tansy flowers. 6. At least 44% of Cx pipiens females that were attracted to a dove-baited trap had fed on plant sugars shortly before.