Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Randomized, Triple-Blind, and Parallel-Controlled Trial of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Cognitive Rehabilitation after Stroke
Published on: June 6, 2025
Cognitive Decline as a Result of Incarceration and the Effects of a CBT/MT Intervention: A Cluster-Randomized
Rebecca Umbach1, Adrian Raine2, Noelle R Leonard3
1Department of Criminology, University of Pennsylvania.
Abstract:
This study primarily tests whether incarceration negatively affects cognitive functioning; namely emotion regulation, cognitive control, and emotion recognition. As a secondary interest, we test protective effects of a Cognitive Behavioral Therapy/Mindfulness Training (CBT/MT) intervention. Dormitories containing 197 incarcerated males aged 16-18 were randomly assigned to either a CBT/MT program or an active control condition. A cognitive task was administered pre-treatment and again four months later, upon treatment completion. Performance on all outcome variables was significantly worse at follow-up compared to baseline. There were marginally significant group by time interactions. While the control group performance significantly declined in both cognitive control and emotion regulation, the CBT/MT group showed no significant decline in either outcome. This is the first study to probe the effects of incarceration on these three processes. Findings suggest that incarceration worsens a known risk factor for crime (cognitive functioning), and that a CBT/MT intervention may help buffer against declines.
Related Concept Videos
Magnetic Declination
Cognitive Dissonance
Resultant of a General Distributed Loading
Examples such as load distribution due to wind and load distribution on a bridge illustrate how this concept is used to analyze and design safe, reliable structures under variable loading conditions. Most structures, such as residential buildings, bridges, and towers, are...
Conservation of Declining Populations
Resultant Moment: Scalar Formulation
To determine the resultant moment, the moments caused by all the forces in a system in the x-y plane are considered. Positive moments are typically...
Resultant Moment: Vector Formulation
The resultant moment of a system of forces can be calculated through vector formulation. For example, if we consider...

