Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Classifying Matter by State02:49

Classifying Matter by State

104.1K
Chemistry is the study of matter and the changes it undergoes. Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. Matter is all around us; the air, water, soil, mountains, even our bodies are all examples of matter. Matter is divided into three states — solid, liquid, and gas — that are commonly found on earth. The fourth state of matter, plasma, occurs naturally in the interiors of stars. 
104.1K
Sign Test for Matched Pairs01:17

Sign Test for Matched Pairs

423
The sign test for matched pairs offers a robust method for comparing two paired samples, often for the effects of an intervention in one of them. This method is very useful in situations where the underlying distribution of the data is unknown. The test compares two related samples—often pre- and post-treatment measurements on the same subjects—to determine if there are significant differences in their median values.
To conduct the sign test, we first calculate the differences in...
423
Classifying Matter by Composition03:35

Classifying Matter by Composition

91.0K
Matter: Pure Substances and Mixtures
According to its composition, the matter can be classified into two broad categories — pure substances and mixtures. 
A pure substance is a form of matter that has a constant composition throughout with uniform properties. For example, any sample of sucrose has the same composition and same physical properties, such as melting point, color, and sweetness, regardless of the source from which it is isolated. 
A mixture is composed of two or...
91.0K
Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter02:57

Physical and Chemical Properties of Matter

166.9K
The characteristics that enable us to distinguish one substance from another are called properties.
166.9K
What is a Mode?01:07

What is a Mode?

26.5K
The mode is one of the commonly used measures of a central tendency. It is defined as the most frequent value in a data set.
There can be more than one mode in a data set if multiple values have the same highest frequency. For instance, suppose that the Statistics exam scores of 20 students are: 50; 53; 59; 59; 63; 63; 72; 72; 72; 72; 72; 76; 78; 81; 83; 84; 84; 84; 90; 93. Here, the mode is 72, as it occurs most frequently, five times.
A data set with two modes is called bimodal. For example,...
26.5K
The Atomic Theory of Matter02:59

The Atomic Theory of Matter

129.6K
The earliest recorded discussion of the basic structure of matter comes from ancient Greek philosophers. Leucippus and Democritus argued that all matter was composed of small, finite particles that they called atomos, meaning “indivisible.” Later, Aristotle and others came to the conclusion that matter consisted of various combinations of the four “elements” — fire, earth, air, and water — and could be infinitely divided. Interestingly, these philosophers...
129.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Reliable delineation of <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> and related members of the family Peptostreptococcaceae using phylogenomics and spore coat protein-specific molecular markers.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

An Anthracenyl-Functionalized Boron Dipyrromethene Based Glutathione-Responsive Nanoplatform for Efficient Photodynamic Therapy Enhanced by Perfluorooctanoic Acid.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Combination of single-cell and bulk RNA-seq reveals changes in the immune landscape in osteomyelitis.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

A retrospective clinical analysis of inappropriate Xiangdan Injection use: clinical risk profiling and computational hypothesis generation.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

Patients with AML with WT TP53 but defective TP53-mediated apoptosis have a dismal survival.

JCI insight·2026
Same author

NDRG2 upregulation induces astrocytic apoptosis via AKT inhibition and FoxO3a-Puma activation in depression.

Communications biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
08:36

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology

Published on: March 17, 2016

8.5K

Does Matching Quality Matter in Mode Comparison Studies?

Ji Zeng1, Ping Yin2, Kerby A Shedden3

  • 1Michigan Department of Education, Lansing, MI, USA.

Educational and Psychological Measurement
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study compared three methods for creating comparable groups in educational testing. A novel propensity score matching approach provided the most reliable evidence for comparing computer-based tests (CBT) and paper-and-pencil tests (PPT).

Keywords:
conversion tablesmode comparisonpropensity score matching

More Related Videos

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
10:14

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

5.5K
Preparation of High-Quality Fermented Fish Product
05:17

Preparation of High-Quality Fermented Fish Product

Published on: August 23, 2019

11.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology
08:36

A Versatile Murine Model of Subcortical White Matter Stroke for the Study of Axonal Degeneration and White Matter Neurobiology

Published on: March 17, 2016

8.5K
Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography
10:14

Chromatographic Fingerprinting by Template Matching for Data Collected by Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Published on: September 2, 2020

5.5K
Preparation of High-Quality Fermented Fish Product
05:17

Preparation of High-Quality Fermented Fish Product

Published on: August 23, 2019

11.0K

Area of Science:

  • Educational Measurement
  • Psychometrics
  • Statistical Matching Techniques

Background:

  • Comparing computer-based tests (CBT) and paper-and-pencil tests (PPT) requires comparable groups.
  • Existing matching approaches may yield varying data quality and conclusions.
  • Propensity score matching (PSM) is a statistical technique for creating comparable groups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare three matching approaches for forming comparable groups in a study of CBT vs. PPT administration modes.
  • To evaluate the impact of different matching methods on the comparability of test data and proficiency classifications.
  • To introduce and validate a new propensity score matching approach.

Main Methods:

  • Overview and comparison of three matching approaches: a novel PSM, Lottridge et al.'s PSM, and a modified matched samples comparability analyses (MSCA).
  • Application of each matching approach to form comparable groups for a mode comparison study.
  • Examination of construct equivalence and score distribution equality across modes for each matched dataset.
  • Analysis of the impact on proficiency classification for CBT students.

Main Results:

  • Different matching approaches produced matched data with varying degrees of quality.
  • Construct equivalence was consistent across modes for all three matching approaches.
  • The novel PSM approach resulted in the most consistent evidence supporting the mode comparison conclusions.
  • The novel PSM approach minimized the impact on CBT students' proficiency classification.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed propensity score matching approach offers superior data comparability for mode comparison studies.
  • Matching methodology significantly influences the conclusions drawn from comparing CBT and PPT.
  • Accurate group matching is crucial for valid educational test comparisons.