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A Study of Reverse-Worded Matched Item Pairs Using the Generalized Partial Credit and Nominal Response Models.

Ki Lynn Matlock1, Ronna C Turner2, W Dent Gitchel3

  • 1Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.

Educational and Psychological Measurement
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The nominal response model (NRM) better analyzes item wording effects than the generalized partial credit model (GPCM). Positively worded items generally show better discrimination, suggesting scales with consistent wording may be more reliable.

Keywords:
category boundary discriminationcategory boundary locationgeneralized partial credit modelitem wording directionnominal response model

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Area of Science:

  • Psychometrics
  • Item Response Theory
  • Psychological Measurement

Background:

  • The generalized partial credit model (GPCM) is common for polytomous data.
  • The nominal response model (NRM) offers nuanced analysis of item wording effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the fit and performance of the NRM and GPCM.
  • To investigate differential item functioning based on item wording direction (positive vs. negative).
  • To assess the impact of item wording on response patterns in self-report scales.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ten items from anxiety, depression, and perceived stress scales.
  • Creation of reverse-worded items to pair with original items.
  • Administration of item sets and analysis using NRM and GPCM.

Main Results:

  • The NRM demonstrated a significantly better fit than the GPCM.
  • Positively worded items were generally more discriminating than negatively worded items.
  • Differential functioning was observed between original and reverse-worded item pairs.

Conclusions:

  • The NRM is superior for detecting issues with category response functioning.
  • Results suggest that scales using consistently worded items, particularly positively worded ones, may yield more reliable data.
  • Individual response patterns to extreme categories are not always consistent across similarly worded items.