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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Structures of Solids02:22

Structures of Solids

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Solids in which the atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite repeating pattern are known as crystalline solids. Metals and ionic compounds typically form ordered, crystalline solids. A crystalline solid has a precise melting temperature because each atom or molecule of the same type is held in place with the same forces or energy. Amorphous solids or non-crystalline solids (or, sometimes, glasses) which lack an ordered internal structure and are randomly arranged. Substances that...
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Network Covalent Solids02:18

Network Covalent Solids

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Network covalent solids contain a three-dimensional network of covalently bonded atoms as found in the crystal structures of nonmetals like diamond, graphite, silicon, and some covalent compounds, such as silicon dioxide (sand) and silicon carbide (carborundum, the abrasive on sandpaper). Many minerals have networks of covalent bonds.
To break or to melt a covalent network solid, covalent bonds must be broken. Because covalent bonds are relatively strong, covalent network solids are typically...
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C4 Pathway and CAM01:27

C4 Pathway and CAM

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Most plants use the C3 pathway for carbon fixation. However, some plants, such as sugar cane, corn, and cacti that grow in hot conditions, use alternative pathways to fix carbon and conserve energy loss due to photorespiration. Photorespiration is the process that occurs when the oxygen concentration is high. Under such conditions, the rubisco enzyme in the Calvin cycle binds O2 instead of CO2, which halts photosynthesis and consumes energy.
C4 Pathway
The C4 pathway is used by plants such as...
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Vapor Pressure02:34

Vapor Pressure

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When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules move randomly about, they will occasionally collide with the surface of the condensed phase, and in some cases, these collisions will result in the molecules re-entering the condensed phase. The change from the gas phase to the liquid is called condensation. When the rate of condensation becomes equal to the rate of vaporization, neither the amount of the liquid nor the amount of the vapor...
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Writing and Low-Temperature Characterization of Oxide Nanostructures
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A high pressure pathway toward boron-based nanostructured solids.

Rémi Grosjean1, Yann Le Godec, Simon Delacroix

  • 1Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Collège de France, Laboratoire Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Paris, LCMCP, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. david.portehault@sorbonne-universite.fr.

Dalton Transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed novel boron-based nanocomposites using molten salt synthesis and high-pressure heat treatment. This method creates unique nanostructured solids with dispersed metal boride nanocrystals for advanced material applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

  • Inorganic nanocomposites offer advanced properties but have limited compound availability.
  • Novel preparation methods are crucial for designing new nanocomposite materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new method for synthesizing boron-based nanocomposites.
  • To demonstrate the creation of unique nanostructured solids with dispersed nanocrystals.

Main Methods:

  • Nanocrystal synthesis in molten salts.
  • High-pressure (GPa range) heat treatment.
  • X-ray diffraction and (scanning) transmission electron microscopy for characterization.

Main Results:

  • Access to a new family of boron-based nanocomposites.
  • Crystallization of rare borate matrices and unique nanostructured solids.
  • Metal boride nanocrystals (e.g., HfB2, CaB6) remained dispersed and below 30 nm.

Conclusions:

  • A novel multidisciplinary approach for creating nanoscaled heterostructures.
  • Successful synthesis of advanced inorganic nanocomposites with tailored properties.
  • Potential for developing new materials with enhanced mechanical, magnetic, and electrical characteristics.