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Ralf Reski1,2, Hansol Bae3, Henrik Toft Simonsen3,4

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Physcomitrella patens has become a powerful green cell factory over 30 years, yielding commercial products. This moss serves as a model organism for biotechnology, with applications in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant biotechnology
  • Synthetic biology
  • Metabolic engineering

Background:

  • Physcomitrella patens has evolved from a simple bryophyte into a sophisticated model organism.
  • It is now widely utilized in basic biology, biotechnology, and synthetic biology research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the development of Physcomitrella patens as a versatile green cell factory.
  • To discuss its impact on metabolic engineering and synthetic biology applications.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging a broad spectrum of Omics technologies.
  • Employing precise genome engineering via homologous recombination.
  • Utilizing certified good-manufacturing-practice production in bioreactors with successful upscaling.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated excellent homogeneity and stability of protein products.
  • Established reliable cryopreservation procedures for cell lines.
  • Produced approximately a dozen human proteins as potential biopharmaceuticals, some exhibiting superior performance ('biobetters').

Conclusions:

  • Physcomitrella patens represents a highly effective platform for producing biopharmaceuticals and other valuable products.
  • Commercial products, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and fragrances, are already on the market.
  • The moss's potential as a synthetic biology chassis for metabolic engineering is significant.