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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution01:17

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Distribution

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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

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In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
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Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
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What is an Experiment?01:12

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An experiment is a planned activity carried out under controlled conditions. The purpose of an experiment is to investigate the relationship between two variables. When one variable causes change in another, we call the first variable the explanatory or independent variable. The affected variable is called the response or dependent variable. In a randomized experiment, the researcher manipulates values of the explanatory variable and measures the resulting changes in the response variable. The...
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Thomson's e/m Experiment01:19

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In a beam of charged particles created by a heated cathode, the particles move at different speeds. However, many applications need a beam with uniform particle speeds. An arrangement known as a velocity selector uses electric and magnetic fields to pick particles with a particular speed from the beam.
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Whole-body PET/MRI of Pediatric Patients: The Details That Matter
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DBS in pediatric patients: institutional experience.

Huseyin Canaz1, Isik Karalok2, Baris Topcular3

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul Bilim University, Abide-i Hurriyet Cad. No:164 Sisli, Istanbul, Turkey. huseyin.canaz@istanbulbilim.edu.tr.

Child'S Nervous System : Chns : Official Journal of the International Society for Pediatric Neurosurgery
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) effectively treats pediatric neurological disorders like dystonia, Tourette Syndrome, and Joubert Syndrome. While generally safe, wound complications remain a concern, necessitating further hardware development for improved pediatric care.

Keywords:
Deep brain stimulationDystoniaGPiJuvenile parkinsonismSTNTourette syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) is an established treatment for adult movement disorders.
  • Its application in pediatric populations, particularly for severe, refractory conditions, has grown since the 1990s.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To retrospectively evaluate the efficacy and safety of DBS in pediatric patients.
  • To assess outcomes across various pediatric neurological conditions treated with DBS.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a pediatric DBS patient database (2011-2017).
  • Inclusion criteria: patients ≤17 years at DBS implantation.
  • Outcome assessment using standardized scales: SBRS, HYS, FMRS, CGI, YGT.

Main Results:

  • 11 children (mean age 11.8 years) underwent DBS for dystonia, Joubert Syndrome (JP), or Tourette Syndrome (TS).
  • Significant improvements observed across conditions, with notable Fahn Marsden Rating Scale (FMRS) reduction in dystonia patients.
  • No serious neurological adverse events; two cases of wound complications reported.

Conclusions:

  • DBS is a viable and effective treatment for medically refractory pediatric neurological disorders.
  • It has become a preferred alternative to ablative procedures in children.
  • Minimizing wound complications through improved hardware is crucial for enhancing pediatric quality of life.