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Interaction of microbial pathogens with host exocytic pathways.

Keith Ireton1, Hoan Van Ngo1, Manmeet Bhalla1

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.

Cellular Microbiology
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Microbes manipulate host exocytosis, a key membrane trafficking process, for entry or to disrupt cell functions. Understanding these interactions reveals host defense mechanisms against pathogens like Listeria and E. coli.

Keywords:
cell injury/sub-lethal injurycell membraneinfectioninteractionmicrobial-celltoxinsvirulence

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Cell Biology
  • Pathogenesis

Background:

  • Microbial pathogens frequently exploit host cell machinery.
  • Membrane trafficking, particularly exocytosis, is crucial for cellular functions and host-pathogen interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent examples of microbial interactions with host exocytosis.
  • To highlight how pathogens subvert or utilize exocytic pathways for invasion, toxin delivery, or host defense.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of microbial interactions with host exocytosis.
  • Analysis of specific examples involving bacterial, protozoan, and viral pathogens.
  • Focus on molecular mechanisms involving Rab GTPases and the exocyst complex.

Main Results:

  • Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus use recycling endosomal exocytosis for host cell entry.
  • Trypanosoma cruzi and adenovirus exploit lysosomal exocytosis for entry.
  • Bacillus anthracis and Vibrio cholerae toxins disrupt exocytosis, impairing cell barrier functions.
  • Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is expelled via TLR4-mediated or lysosomal exocytosis pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial pathogens exhibit diverse strategies to manipulate host exocytosis.
  • Host exocytic pathways are critical targets for pathogen invasion and manipulation.
  • Understanding these interactions can inform the development of host-directed therapies.