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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

An Organotypic High Throughput System for Characterization of Drug Sensitivity of Primary Multiple Myeloma Cells
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Multiple myeloma presenting as mandibular pain.

Miriam Crowley, Owen Cronin, Duncan Sleeman

    Journal of the Irish Dental Association
    |May 26, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Multiple myeloma (MM), a plasma cell cancer, can manifest as jaw pain and lytic bone lesions. Early radiographic evaluation is crucial for diagnosing these rare orofacial presentations of MM.

    Area of Science:

    • Oncology
    • Oral Surgery
    • Radiology

    Background:

    • Multiple myeloma (MM) is a systemic plasma cell malignancy characterized by monoclonal immunoglobulin production.
    • Bone pain is a common initial symptom in most MM cases.
    • Current treatments include bisphosphonates, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.

    Observation:

    • A 69-year-old female presented with a month of left-sided mandibular pain and swelling.
    • Radiographic imaging revealed a 2cm lytic lesion in the mandible.
    • Histological analysis of the lesion showed atypical plasma cells, indicative of plasmacytoma.

    Findings:

    • Skeletal surveys, bone marrow biopsy, and serum analysis confirmed a diagnosis of MM.
    • The case highlights orofacial manifestations as a potential presenting sign of MM.

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  • Lytic lesions in the mandible warrant consideration for MM in differential diagnosis.

    • Implications:

    • Orofacial symptoms can be the initial presentation of systemic multiple myeloma.
    • Radiographic evaluation of mandibular lesions is critical for early MM diagnosis.
    • Treatment of associated bone pain may involve bisphosphonates, with caution regarding osteonecrosis of the jaw.