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Area of Science:

  • Ornithology
  • Animal Behavior
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Soaring migratory birds utilize thermals for energy-efficient long-distance travel.
  • Understanding collective movement and social information use in wild bird migration is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the group movement dynamics of white storks during natural migration.
  • To analyze the costs and benefits of collective thermal use in a wild bird population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized high-resolution GPS and accelerometers to track 27 juvenile white storks.
  • Analyzed individual and group movement patterns on multiple scales.

Main Results:

  • A small number of leaders located and explored thermals.
  • Followers benefited from leaders' thermal discoveries but left thermals earlier and at lower altitudes.
  • Followers exhibited increased flapping effort and shorter annual migration distances compared to leaders.

Conclusions:

  • Leaders play a crucial role in navigating thermals for social migrants.
  • Collective movement involves trade-offs, with followers experiencing reduced benefits and increased costs.
  • This study offers insights into social interactions and movement strategies in free-flying migratory birds.