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Experimental Evidence for Azeotrope Formation from Protic Ionic Liquids.

Filipe M S Ribeiro1, Carlos F R A C Lima1,2, Artur M S Silva2

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Protic ionic liquids (PILs) form azeotropes with varying acid/base ratios, influenced by hydrogen bonding and species volatility. Stronger bases like DBU result in compositions closer to equimolar ratios.

Keywords:
activity coefficientscarboxylic acidsorganic superbasesspeciationvolatility

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Protic ionic liquids (PILs) are salts formed from proton transfer between Brønsted acids and bases.
  • Organic superbases such as DBN and DBU are precursors for synthesizing PILs.
  • Understanding the phase behavior of PILs is crucial for their application in separation processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the formation and composition of azeotropic mixtures involving PILs.
  • To elucidate the factors governing the azeotropic composition in PIL-acid systems.
  • To explore the impact of superbase strength on PIL azeotrope characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental synthesis of PILs from DBN/DBU and carboxylic acids.
  • Vapor-liquid equilibrium measurements to determine azeotropic compositions.
  • Analysis of hydrogen bonding interactions and relative volatilities of neutral species.

Main Results:

  • PILs form azeotropic mixtures with acid/base molar fractions deviating from 1:1.
  • Azeotropic composition is richer in the acid component due to strong hydrogen bonding.
  • DBU-based PILs exhibit negative deviations from Raoult's Law, approaching equimolar azeotropes.

Conclusions:

  • The azeotropic behavior of PILs is governed by acid-base equilibrium and neutral species volatility.
  • PILs can form non-equimolar azeotropes, with composition tunable by superbase choice.
  • These findings are relevant for designing separation processes utilizing PILs.