Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Diffusion01:12

Diffusion

221.0K
Diffusion is the passive movement of substances down their concentration gradients—requiring no expenditure of cellular energy. Substances, such as molecules or ions, diffuse from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration in the cytosol or across membranes. Eventually, the concentration will even out, with the substance moving randomly but causing no net change in concentration. Such a state is called dynamic equilibrium, which is essential for maintaining overall...
221.0K
Diffusion01:21

Diffusion

6.4K
Diffusion is a type of passive transport. In passive transport, a substance tends to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until the concentration is equal across the space. For example, take the diffusion of substances through the air. When someone opens a perfume bottle in a room filled with people, the perfume is at its highest concentration in the bottle and is at its lowest at the edges of the room. The perfume vapor will diffuse, or spread away, from the...
6.4K
Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion03:48

Behavior of Gas Molecules: Molecular Diffusion, Mean Free Path, and Effusion

31.4K
Although gaseous molecules travel at tremendous speeds (hundreds of meters per second), they collide with other gaseous molecules and travel in many different directions before reaching the desired target. At room temperature, a gaseous molecule will experience billions of collisions per second. The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels between collisions. The mean free path increases with decreasing pressure; in general, the mean free path for a gaseous molecule will be...
31.4K
Subatomic Particles03:37

Subatomic Particles

113.6K
Dalton was only partially correct about the particles that make up matter. All matter is composed of atoms, and atoms are composed of three smaller subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. These three particles account for the mass and the charge of an atom.
113.6K
The Nucleosome Core Particle02:10

The Nucleosome Core Particle

14.6K
Nucleosomes are the DNA-histone complex, where the DNA strand is wound around the histone core. The histone core is an octamer containing two copies of H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 histone proteins.
The paradox
Nucleosomes, paradoxically, perform two opposite functions simultaneously. On the one hand, their main responsibility is to protect the delicate DNA strands from physical damage and help achieve a higher compaction ratio. While on the other hand, they must allow polymerase enzymes to access DNA...
14.6K
Facilitated Diffusion01:16

Facilitated Diffusion

1.3K
The plasma membrane, a critical structure in cellular biology, houses an array of transporters, or carrier proteins, interspersed within its lipid bilayer. These proteins play a crucial role in solute transport through facilitated diffusion, a form of passive diffusion that uses transporters to move the molecules across the membrane.
In this process, substrates such as organic compounds and ions interact with a transporter on one side, triggering conformational changes in proteins that enable...
1.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Revisiting the Ratchet Principle: When Hidden Conservation Laws Prevent Directed Currents in Stochastic Systems.

Physical review letters·2026
Same author

Macroscopic fluctuation theory of interacting Brownian particles.

Physical review. E·2026
Same author

Fibronectin matrix remodelling modulates the active nematic dynamics of cancer-associated fibroblasts.

Nature materials·2026
Same author

Ligustroflavone protects against acute kidney injury by inhibiting ferroptosis via acting on GSK3β/NRF2 signaling.

International journal of molecular medicine·2026
Same author

A risk-nutrition duality framework for assessing drinking water suitability in an intensively cultivated Alluvial Plain: - A case study of Xiayi country, South-Center Huang-Huai Plain, China.

Journal of hazardous materials·2026
Same author

Statistical mechanics of a cold tracer in a hot bath.

Physical review. E·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
10:43

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes

Published on: July 19, 2022

2.9K

Optimized Diffusion of Run-and-Tumble Particles in Crowded Environments.

Thibault Bertrand1, Yongfeng Zhao2, Olivier Bénichou3

  • 1Laboratoire Jean Perrin, UMR 8237 CNRS, Sorbonne Université, 75005 Paris, France.

Physical Review Letters
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

We modeled run-and-tumble particles (RTPs) in complex environments. Diffusivity depends non-monotonically on tumbling probability, offering insights for optimizing particle transport in biological and artificial systems.

More Related Videos

In Vitro Model of Human Cutaneous Hypertrophic Scarring using Macromolecular Crowding
08:20

In Vitro Model of Human Cutaneous Hypertrophic Scarring using Macromolecular Crowding

Published on: May 1, 2020

7.2K
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks
10:31

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Published on: May 8, 2015

14.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
10:43

Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes

Published on: July 19, 2022

2.9K
In Vitro Model of Human Cutaneous Hypertrophic Scarring using Macromolecular Crowding
08:20

In Vitro Model of Human Cutaneous Hypertrophic Scarring using Macromolecular Crowding

Published on: May 1, 2020

7.2K
Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks
10:31

Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Spectroscopic Identification of Dispersant/Particle Bonding Mechanisms in Functional Inks

Published on: May 8, 2015

14.2K

Area of Science:

  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Self-propelled particles exhibit complex transport behaviors in crowded environments.
  • Understanding particle dynamics in disordered media is crucial for biological and artificial systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an exact analytical model for run-and-tumble particle (RTP) transport.
  • To investigate the influence of dynamic obstacles on RTP diffusivity.
  • To explore optimization strategies for particle transport in complex systems.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling RTPs on a d-dimensional cubic lattice with discrete time steps.
  • Introducing diffusing hard-core obstacles to simulate dynamic environments.
  • Generalizing Kac's theorem for mean return times in Markov processes.
  • Deriving an explicit expression for RTP diffusivity.

Main Results:

  • An exact diffusivity expression for RTPs in the low-density, fixed-obstacle limit was derived.
  • RTP diffusivity shows non-monotonic dependence on tumbling probability for low obstacle mobility.
  • The study provides a generalized Kac's theorem applicable to lattice gas problems.

Conclusions:

  • The transport of run-and-tumble particles can be optimized by tuning tumbling probability in dynamic environments.
  • Findings have implications for understanding and engineering transport in biological and artificial motile systems.
  • The generalized Kac's theorem offers a new tool for analyzing Markov processes in complex systems.