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[Risk factors related to cardiovascular complications in patients diagnosed with Kawasaki disease in northwestern
Olivia A Flores-Montes1, Jaime Valle-Leal1, Roberto Arreguin-Reyes2
1Departamento de Pediatría. Hospital General Regional 1, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad Obregón, Sonora, México.
Insights
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a serious condition in children. Male gender, young age, and anemia are key risk factors for developing cardiovascular complications in pediatric KD patients.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Rheumatology
- Cardiovascular Health
- Systemic Vasculitis
Background:
- Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness affecting small to medium blood vessels in children.
- Untreated KD patients have a 25% risk of developing coronary artery abnormalities.
- Early identification of risk factors is crucial for managing KD's cardiovascular sequelae.
Purpose of the Study:
- To describe the clinical presentation of Kawasaki disease in pediatric patients.
- To identify risk factors associated with cardiovascular complications in children diagnosed with KD.
- To inform clinical management strategies in a secondary-level hospital setting.
Main Methods:
- A case series design was employed to study pediatric patients diagnosed with KD.
- Clinical and laboratory variables were assessed, along with the incidence of cardiac complications.
- Odds ratios (OR) and chi-squared tests were used to determine risk and association.
Main Results:
- The study included 12 pediatric patients, with a predominance of females; the mean age was 2 years.
- All patients presented with complete KD symptoms, alongside atypical manifestations.
- Cardiovascular complications were observed in 50% of patients, with coronary disease being the most frequent (33%).
- Male gender, age under 2 years, and anemia were associated with increased odds of cardiovascular complications (OR 5.5 and 10).
Conclusions:
- Cardiovascular complications are a frequent outcome in pediatric patients with Kawasaki disease, occurring in over 30% of cases.
- Specific risk factors, including male gender, younger age (under 2 years), and anemia, significantly elevate the likelihood of developing cardiovascular complications.
- These findings underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring and risk factor assessment in pediatric KD management.
Background:
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of small and medium vessels, which occurs primarily in children; it manifests itself as a febrile syndrome coupled with vasculitis data and can cause coronary artery abnormalities in 25% of untreated patients. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical behavior and to identify risk factors for cardiovascular complications in pediatric patients with KD, in a second level hospital in Northwestern Mexico.
Methods:
Under a case series design, we studied pediatric patients with diagnosis of KD. We measured clinical variables, laboratory values and the presence of cardiac complications; the probability of risk was determined with odds ratio (OR) and the association with chi squared test.
Results:
12 patients were included, and the female gender predominated; the mean age of presentation of KD was 2 years. The clinical presentation was complete in 100 % of the cases and patients also presented atypical manifestations. 50% of the patients studied had cardiovascular complications, the most common of which was coronary disease (33%). The variables male gender, age under 2 years and anemia reported OR of 5.5 and 10 to present cardiovascular complications.
Conclusions:
Cardiovascular complications of KD are frequent (more than 30%). Male gender, age under 2 years and anemia increase the probability of risk for the presence of cardiovascular complications.
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