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Atomic Force Microscopy01:08

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that can analyze topographic details of various specimens like ceramics, glass, polymers, and biological samples. AFM offers over 1000 times more resolution than the optical imaging system. Images generated from AFM are three-dimensional surface profiles, offering an advantage over the flat, two-dimensional images from other imaging techniques.
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Intermolecular forces (IMF) are electrostatic attractions arising from charge-charge interactions between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular force is influenced by the distance of separation between molecules. The forces significantly affect the interactions in solids and liquids, where the molecules are close together. In gases, IMFs become important only under high-pressure conditions (due to the proximity of gas molecules). Intermolecular forces dictate the physical properties of...
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Electricity is generated by either electrons or ions flowing through a solution or a conducting medium. This flow of electrons or specifically electrical charge is defined as an electric current. When electrons move through a wire, they generate an electric current. It can be recalled  that in a redox reaction, electrons are lost and gained. In the spontaneous redox reaction of zinc  with copper, when zinc is immersed in a copper ion solution, a transfer of electrons from one substance to...
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The formation of a solution is an example of a spontaneous process, a process that occurs under specified conditions without energy from some external source.
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Surface Potential Measurement of Bacteria Using Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy
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Elemental Identification by Combining Atomic Force Microscopy and Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy.

Fabian Schulz1, Juha Ritala2, Ondrej Krejčí2

  • 1Department of Applied Physics , Aalto University School of Science , P.O. Box 15100, FI-00076 Aalto , Finland.

ACS Nano
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers explored atomic-scale contrast in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) using noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM). They revealed the origins of elemental contrast, advancing single-molecule imaging capabilities.

Keywords:
Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM)elemental contrasthexagonal boron nitridenoncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM)van der Waals density functional theory

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Area of Science:

  • Surface Science
  • Atomic Force Microscopy
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Current experimental techniques lack the ability to combine atomic-resolution imaging with elemental sensitivity and chemical fingerprinting on single molecules.
  • Noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) with molecular-modified tips enables atomic resolution imaging of planar molecules.
  • The mechanisms behind elemental contrast using passivated tips in nc-AFM require further understanding.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the origins of elemental contrast in atomic-scale imaging.
  • To understand the mechanisms responsible for contrast in nc-AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) on hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) overlayers.
  • To correlate experimental observations with theoretical simulations for detailed analysis of atomic-scale contrast.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental investigation using noncontact atomic force microscopy (nc-AFM) and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM).
  • Experiments conducted on epitaxial monolayer hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) grown on an Ir(111) substrate.
  • Comparison of experimental data with nc-AFM image simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) optimized hBN/Ir(111) geometry.

Main Results:

  • Striking sublattice asymmetry was observed in constant-height maps of frequency shift (Δf) and local contact potential difference.
  • The inert hBN overlayer, despite strong covalent in-plane bonds, exhibited significant contrast.
  • Simulations successfully matched different atomic sites with observed contrast, providing insights into the contrast's origin.

Conclusions:

  • Elemental contrast in nc-AFM and KPFM can be achieved on single-molecule layers like hBN/Ir(111).
  • The study elucidates the origin of atomic-scale contrast, crucial for advancing high-resolution molecular imaging.
  • This work contributes to the development of experimental techniques for elemental and chemical analysis at the single-molecule level.