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Related Concept Videos

Thermal Strain01:19

Thermal Strain

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Thermal strain is a concept that arises when we consider how temperature changes affect structures. Unlike the conventional assumption that structures remain constant under load, real-world scenarios often involve temperature fluctuations that can significantly impact these structures. Consider a homogeneous rod with a uniform cross-section resting freely on a flat horizontal surface. If the rod's temperature increases, the rod elongates. This elongation is proportional to the temperature...
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Shearing Strain01:20

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The shearing strain represents a cubic element's angular change when subjected to shearing stress. This type of stress can transform a cube into an oblique parallelepiped without influencing normal strains. The cubic element experiences a significant transformation when exposed solely to shearing stress. Its shape alters from a perfect cube into a rhomboid, clearly demonstrating the effect of shearing strain. The degree of this strain is considered positive if it reduces the angle between the...
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Measurements of Strain01:27

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Strain quantifies the deformation of a material under force, typically measured as normal strain, which represents the change in length when compared with the original length. Electrical strain gauges are used for enhanced accuracy. These devices consist of a conductive wire mounted on a paper backing that adheres to the material's surface. These gauges operate on the piezoresistive effect, where the wire's electrical resistance changes in response to mechanical deformation. The strain...
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Strain Energy01:13

Strain Energy

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Strain energy is a fundamental concept in the field of materials science and structural engineering, describing the energy absorbed by a material or structure when it is deformed under load.
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Stress is a quantity that describes the magnitude of a force that causes deformation, generally defined as internal force per unit area. When forces pull on an object and cause its elongation, like the stretching of an elastic band, it is called tensile stress. When forces cause the compression of an object, it is known as compressive stress. When an object is being squeezed uniformly from all sides, like a submarine in the depths of the ocean, we call this kind of stress bulk stress (or volume...
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Stress-Strain Diagram01:10

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A stress-strain diagram is a crucial tool that graphically displays a material's mechanical characteristics. This diagram is derived from a tensile test performed on a carefully prepared cylindrical specimen. The specimen has two gauge marks inscribed on its central part, and the distance between these marks is known as the gauge length. The cylindrical specimen is placed in a testing machine, which applies an increasing centric load. As this load grows, so does the gauge length. This...
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Phenotypic characterization of pathogenic Cronobacter spp. strains.

Xiangyin Jia1, Jingjing Hua1, Lu Liu1

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China; Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology of Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.

Microbial Pathogenesis
|May 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Cronobacter species, opportunistic pathogens, exhibit increased outer membrane permeability when lacking O-antigen. C. dublinensis DSM 18705 shows a higher infection rate in Caco-2 cells, indicating potential virulence.

Keywords:
CronobacterLipopolysaccharidePhenotypic characterizationPhospholipids

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Food Safety
  • Pathogen Virulence

Background:

  • Cronobacter species are Gram-negative bacteria causing serious infections in neonates.
  • Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a key outer membrane component and potential virulence factor in Cronobacter.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of LPS and phospholipids in Cronobacter virulence.
  • To characterize Cronobacter strains' phenotypic traits related to infection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) using SDS-PAGE.
  • Mass spectrometry (MS) and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) for phospholipid characterization.
  • Phenotypic characterization of Cronobacter strains.

Main Results:

  • Phospholipids yielded four major peaks; O-antigen bands were present in most strains.
  • Lack of O-antigen correlated with increased outer membrane permeability and hydrophobicity.
  • All strains tolerated pH 5.0 and 6% NaCl; C. dublinensis DSM 18705 showed higher Caco-2 cell infection rates.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogen invasion is crucial for infectious disease development.
  • C. dublinensis DSM 18705 demonstrates a higher capacity for Caco-2 cell invasion compared to other Cronobacter species.