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Adolescent Summaries of Narrative and Expository Discourse: Differences and Predictors
Jennifer P Lundine1,2, Stacy M Harnish1, Rebecca J McCauley1
1Department of Speech & Hearing Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus.
Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools
|May 26, 2018
Summary
Adolescents
Area of Science:
- Linguistics
- Developmental Psychology
- Educational Psychology
Background:
- Summarizing expository passages is a crucial academic skill.
- This skill is understudied in language research.
- Understanding factors influencing summary quality is important for academic success.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare the quality of verbal summaries produced by adolescents across three discourse types (narrative, compare-contrast, cause-effect).
- To determine if cognitive skills or expressive syntax ability predict summary quality in adolescents.
Main Methods:
- Fifty adolescents listened to and verbally summarized one narrative and two expository lectures.
- Participants completed tests assessing expressive syntax and five cognitive subdomains.
Main Results:
- Summary quality varied significantly across discourse types, with cause-effect lectures yielding higher quality summaries than compare-contrast.
- Cognitive skills significantly predicted expository summary quality, while expressive syntax predicted narrative summary quality.
Conclusions:
- Expository discourse type impacts adolescent summary quality.
- Cognitive abilities play a predictive role in expository summary quality, but not narrative.
- Expressive syntax is more predictive of narrative than expository summary quality in adolescents.
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