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Related Concept Videos

Specific Heat01:16

Specific Heat

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The specific heat capacity of a substance refers to the energy required to increase the temperature of one gram of that substance by one degree Celcius. Specific heat capacity is often represented in calories (cal), grams (g), and degrees Celsius (oC), but can also be expressed in joules (J), kilograms (kg), and Kelvin (K), among other units.
For example, increasing the temperature of one gram of water by 1°C requires one calorie of heat energy and can be written as 1 cal/g-°C, or...
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Thermal Energy Microscopically, thermal energy is the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of atoms and molecules. Temperature is a quantitative measure of “hot” or “cold”, which depends on the amount of thermal energy. When the atoms and molecules in an object are moving or vibrating quickly, they have a higher average kinetic energy (KE) (or higher thermal energy), and the object is perceived as “hot”, or it is described as being at a higher temperature. When the...
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Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups01:09

Directing Effect of Substituents: meta-Directing Groups

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Substituents on the benzene ring that direct an incoming electrophile to undergo substitution at the meta position are called meta directors. All meta directors either have a positive charge on the atom directly bonded to the ring or a partial positive charge. These groups function by withdrawing electrons from the ring through inductive and resonance effects. Consider the carbocation intermediates formed upon the addition of an electrophile on nitrobenzene at the...
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Heat is a type of energy transfer that is caused by a temperature difference, and it can change the temperature of an object. Since heat is a form of energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). Another common unit of energy often used for heat is the calorie (cal), which is defined as the energy needed to change the temperature of 1 g of water by 1 °C, specifically between 14.5 °C and 15.5 °C, since the energy needed shows a slight temperature dependence. Another commonly used unit is...
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Water and other polar molecules are attracted to ions. The electrostatic attraction between an ion and a molecule with a dipole is called an ion-dipole attraction. These attractions play an important role in the dissolution of ionic compounds in water.
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Negative Regulator Molecules01:23

Negative Regulator Molecules

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Positive regulators allow a cell to advance through cell cycle checkpoints. Negative regulators have an equally important role as they terminate a cell’s progression through the cell cycle—or pause it—until the cell meets specific criteria.
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Analysis of Electrocardiograms and Behavior in Mice from Pregnancy to Lactation Period
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Heat negatively affects lactating swine: A meta-analysis.

Bruna Pontara Vilas Boas Ribeiro1, Eloiza Lanferdini1, Jorge Yair Pérez Palencia1

  • 1Department of Animal Science, Federal University of Lavras, Lavras 37200-000, MG, Brazil.

Journal of Thermal Biology
|May 27, 2018
PubMed
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Heat stress negatively impacts lactating sows and their litters. Elevated temperatures reduce sow nutrient intake and milk production, leading to significantly lighter piglets at weaning.

Keywords:
Feed intakeHeat stressLactationOffspringPig

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Area of Science:

  • Animal Science
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Environmental Physiology

Background:

  • Heat stress is a significant environmental challenge affecting livestock production.
  • Lactating sows are particularly vulnerable to heat stress due to metabolic demands.
  • Understanding the impact of heat on sow and litter performance is crucial for optimizing animal welfare and productivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of heat stress on the performance of lactating sows and their litters.
  • To identify key physiological and productive indicators of heat stress in sows.
  • To quantify the impact of elevated temperatures on piglet growth and litter weight.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis of 20 peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2016.
  • Inclusion of data from 2222 lactating sows.
  • Analysis of variables including piglet weight, litter weight, nutrient intake, rectal temperature, and respiratory rate.

Main Results:

  • Increased ambient temperatures led to higher rectal temperatures and respiratory rates in sows.
  • Nutrient intake and milk yield decreased as ambient temperature rose above the thermal comfort zone (15-25°C).
  • Piglets from sows experiencing heat stress were significantly lighter at 21 days (90.84% difference).

Conclusions:

  • Heat stress adversely affects lactating sow performance and piglet growth.
  • Respiratory rate is a reliable indicator of heat stress intensity in sows.
  • Optimizing thermal comfort is essential for improving sow productivity and piglet survival.