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Preparation of Epoxides03:00

Preparation of Epoxides

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Overview
Epoxides result from alkene oxidation, which can be achieved by a) air, b) peroxy acids, c) hypochlorous acids, and d) halohydrin cyclization.
Epoxidation with Peroxy Acids
Epoxidation of alkenes via oxidation with peroxy acids involves the conversion of a carbon–carbon double bond to an epoxide using the oxidizing agent meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid, commonly known as MCPBA. Since the O–O bond of peroxy acids is very weak, the addition of electrophilic oxygen of peroxy acids to...
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Preparation of Amides01:29

Preparation of Amides

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Amides are synthesized by treating carboxylic acids with amines in the presence of dehydrating agents like dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC).
The DCC-promoted synthesis of amides begins with the protonation of DCC by carboxylic acid. The protonation makes it a better acceptor. Next, the addition of carboxylate to the protonated carbodiimide gives a reactive acylating agent.
Subsequently, the amine acts as a nucleophile that attacks the acylating agent to form a tetrahedral intermediate. In the...
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Preparation of Nitriles01:12

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One of the common methods to prepare nitriles is the dehydration of amides. This method requires strong dehydrating agents like phosphorous pentoxide or boiling acetic anhydride for converting amides to nitriles. Another reagent namely, thionyl chloride also accomplishes the dehydration of amides, where amide acts as a nucleophile. The first step of the mechanism involves the nucleophilic attack by the amide on the thionyl chloride to form an intermediate. In the next step, the electron pairs...
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Weak Base Solutions03:21

Weak Base Solutions

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Some compounds produce hydroxide ions when dissolved by chemically reacting with water molecules. In all cases, these compounds react only partially and so are classified as weak bases. These types of compounds are also abundant in nature and important commodities in various technologies. For example, global production of the weak base ammonia is typically well over 100 metric tons annually, being widely used as an agricultural fertilizer, a raw material for chemical synthesis of other...
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Preparation and Reactions of Thiols02:33

Preparation and Reactions of Thiols

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Thiols are prepared using the hydrosulfide anion as a nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction with alkyl halides. For instance, bromobutane reacts with sodium hydrosulfide to give butanethiol.
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Preparation of Acid Anhydrides01:07

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One of the methods for preparing symmetrical or unsymmetrical acid anhydrides involves the treatment of acid chlorides with the sodium salt of carboxylic acids. The reaction proceeds via a nucleophilic acyl substitution.
The carboxylate ion acts as a nucleophile that attacks the carbonyl carbon of the acid chloride to form a tetrahedral intermediate. Subsequently, the re-formation of the carbonyl group with the loss of the chloride ion as a leaving group leads to the formation of an acid...
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Preparation and characterization of maltodextrin-based polyurethane.

Dan Dan Wu1, Ying Tan2, Zeng Wen Cao1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Polymer Ecomaterials, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Changchun, 130022, China; Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 10080, China.

Carbohydrate Polymers
|May 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Maltodextrin-based polyurethane (MDPU) was synthesized, yielding both thermoset and thermoplastic materials. Thermoplastic MDPUs demonstrated promising mechanical properties, including high elongation at break.

Keywords:
Maltodextrin-based polyurethanePhase structureThermal stability

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Area of Science:

  • Polymer Science
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Polyurethanes (PUs) are versatile polymers with diverse applications.
  • Developing novel PUs from renewable resources is crucial for sustainability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize maltodextrin (MD)-based polyurethane (MDPU).
  • To investigate the structural, thermal, and mechanical properties of MDPU.
  • To explore the potential of MDPU as a sustainable material.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of MDPU via reaction of MD and polyethyleneglicol (PEG) polyurethane prepolymer (PUP).
  • Characterization using FTIR, 1H NMR, TGA, DSC, SEM, EDS, and tensile testing.
  • Evaluation of thermal degradation stages and mechanical properties.

Main Results:

  • MDPU synthesis was successful, producing both thermoset (MDPU-0.5) and thermoplastic variants (MDPU-1, MDPU-2, MDPU-3).
  • FTIR and 1H NMR confirmed the chemical structure.
  • Thermal degradation occurred in three stages, with varying miscibility observed.
  • Thermoplastic MDPUs exhibited high elongation at break under varying humidity.

Conclusions:

  • MDPU can be tailored to exhibit thermoset or thermoplastic behavior.
  • The synthesized MDPUs show potential for applications requiring good elasticity and mechanical strength.
  • This study highlights the feasibility of using maltodextrin in polyurethane synthesis for novel material development.