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Related Concept Videos

What is Behavior?00:54

What is Behavior?

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Behaviors are actions that an organism engages in—they can be related to finding food, reproducing, defending against threats, and many other possible actions. Behaviors include activities related to the environment around the animal—such as migration—as well as social interactions within a species or population. Many behaviors involve motor output—that is, muscle movements—while others involve less visible actions, such as learning.
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The field of behaviorism was pioneered by figures such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B.F. Skinner fundamentally shifted the focus of psychology to the observable and controllable aspects of human and animal behavior. This shift marked a critical evolution in the discipline, emphasizing scientific rigor and experimental methodology.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

3D-Neuronavigation In Vivo Through a Patient's Brain During a Spontaneous Migraine Headache
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Behavioral Approaches for Primary Headaches: Recent Advances.

Alberto Raggi1, Eleonora Grignani1, Matilde Leonardi1

  • 1Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, Neurological Institute C. Besta IRCCS Foundation, Milan, Italy.

Headache
|May 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Behavioral therapies significantly reduce headache frequency by over 35% in adults and children. These effective treatments improve quality of life and reduce medication use, offering a safe alternative for various patient groups.

Keywords:
behaviordisabilityheadachemigrainequality of life

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychology
  • Evidence-based medicine

Background:

  • Behavioral treatments are increasingly recognized for managing primary headache disorders.
  • The long-term effectiveness of these therapies remains a subject of ongoing discussion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide updated information on behavioral therapies for primary headache disorders in adults and adolescents.
  • To focus on novel and emerging behavioral treatment approaches.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review of randomized controlled trials and observational studies.
  • Literature search conducted on SCOPUS from January 2010 to October 2017.

Main Results:

  • 22 publications involving 2110 participants were analyzed.
  • Cognitive behavioral therapies were most frequently studied, showing >35% reduction in headache frequency.
  • Significant improvements were noted in disability, quality of life, depression, anxiety, and medication intake.

Conclusions:

  • Behavioral approaches are effective and safe for managing primary headaches.
  • These therapies are particularly suitable for pregnant/nursing women, individuals with chronic conditions, and children.
  • Behavioral treatments offer a low-risk alternative to pharmacological interventions, avoiding potential drug-drug interactions.