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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction01:29

Pulmonary Embolism I: Introduction

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Pulmonary embolism (PE) occurs when a thrombus, fat or air embolus, amniotic fluid, or tumor tissue blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. These blockages originate in the venous system or the right side of the heart.EtiologyPE primarily arises from deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and other hypercoagulable states, such as inherited thrombophilias. Additional etiological factors include venous stasis, commonly seen in obesity, and endothelial injury from surgery and trauma. Less common causes include...
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Pulmonary Embolism III: Nursing Management01:27

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A pulmonary embolism occurs when a thrombus, amniotic fluid, tumor tissue, fat, or air embolus blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Effective nursing management and patient education are crucial for improving outcomes and preventing recurrence.Nursing management starts with obtaining a comprehensive patient history, particularly noting any history of deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Assess for clinical manifestations, including dyspnea, chest pain, crackles, heart murmurs, and signs of right-sided...
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Drug Dosing: Infants and Children01:29

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Pediatric patient dosages diverge from adults due to disparities in body surface area, total body water, and extracellular fluid per kilogram of body weight. The dosing regimen considers the variations in pharmacokinetics and pharmacology across distinct age groups, encompassing preterm newborns, infants, young children, older children, and adolescents. Calculation of pediatric patient doses is predicated on determining body surface area, which exhibits a superior correlation with the child's...
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
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A Porcine Model of Acute Autologous Pulmonary Embolism
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Pulmonary Embolism in Children.

Sarah Ramiz1, Madhvi Rajpurkar1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Children's Hospital of Michigan, 3901 Beaubien Street, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.

Pediatric Clinics of North America
|May 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary embolism (PE) in children is a rare but serious condition with increasing incidence. Current management is based on adult data, highlighting the need for pediatric-specific guidelines.

Keywords:
ChildrenDeep vein thrombosisPediatricPulmonary artery thrombosisPulmonary embolismVenous thromboembolism

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) in children is uncommon but carries significant mortality risk.
  • PE incidence is rising due to improved survival in high-risk children, increased central venous catheter use, and better recognition.
  • Current pediatric PE management relies on adult guidelines, despite distinct differences in the condition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of pediatric pulmonary embolism.
  • To highlight the need for evidence-based, pediatric-specific diagnostic and management guidelines.
  • To discuss current and future treatment strategies, including anticoagulation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric pulmonary embolism.
  • Analysis of factors contributing to increased PE incidence in children.
  • Examination of current treatment modalities and ongoing research.

Main Results:

  • Pediatric PE, while rare, is increasingly diagnosed.
  • Management strategies are largely extrapolated from adult protocols.
  • Direct oral anticoagulants are under investigation for pediatric use.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for pediatric-specific research to establish evidence-based guidelines for PE diagnosis and management.
  • Optimizing treatment requires a better understanding of the unique aspects of PE in children.
  • Further investigation into novel anticoagulants is warranted for this population.