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Iron loading, alcohol and mortality: A prospective study.

Rudolph Schutte1, Hugo Huisman2, Catharina M C Mels2

  • 1Department of Medical Science and Public Health, Faculty of Medical Science, Anglia Ruskin University, Chelmsford, UK; Hypertension in Africa Research Team (HART), North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; South African Medical Research Council: Unit for Hypertension and Cardiovascular Disease, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa.

Clinical Nutrition (Edinburgh, Scotland)
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High iron levels (serum ferritin) in African women predict increased risk of death from all causes and cardiovascular disease. Alcohol intake appears to be a contributing factor in this relationship.

Keywords:
African womenAlcoholIron loadingMortalitySerum ferritin

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Disease Research
  • Iron Metabolism Studies
  • African Population Health

Background:

  • The link between total body iron and cardiovascular disease is debated, with limited data in Black Sub-Saharan Africans.
  • High alcohol consumption can disrupt iron regulation, leading to iron loading.
  • This study addresses the gap in understanding iron's role in cardiovascular mortality within this specific demographic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between total body iron, indicated by serum ferritin levels, and mortality.
  • To examine the interaction between alcohol intake measures and serum ferritin in predicting mortality.
  • To assess the predictive value of iron status and alcohol consumption on all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in African women.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal study followed 877 HIV-negative African women for a median of 9.22 years.
  • Serum ferritin, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), and alcohol biomarkers (gamma-glutamyl transferase, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin) were measured.
  • Multivariable analyses, including Cox proportional hazards models, were used to assess mortality prediction and interactions.

Main Results:

  • Serum ferritin levels were significantly associated with both all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, even after adjusting for inflammation (CRP).
  • Higher ferritin, gamma-glutamyl transferase, and carbohydrate-deficient transferrin were observed in alcohol drinkers.
  • Significant interactions were found between ferritin and alcohol intake markers in predicting mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Iron loading, as indicated by elevated serum ferritin, is a predictor of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in African women.
  • Alcohol consumption appears to be mechanistically involved in the relationship between iron loading and mortality.
  • Findings highlight the importance of monitoring iron status in populations with high alcohol intake to mitigate cardiovascular risks.