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The development of behavioural sex differences in infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta).

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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Assessment of Sexual Behavior of Male Mice
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Copulatory and Postcopulatory Sexual Selection in Primates.

Alan F Dixson

    Folia Primatologica; International Journal of Primatology
    |May 28, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Female reproductive traits significantly impact male reproductive success through cryptic female choice, complementing sperm competition in primates. This review explores these dynamics in mammals and their relevance to human evolution.

    Keywords:
    Copulatory behaviourCryptic female choiceHuman evolutionMammalsPostcopulatory sexual selectionSperm competition

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    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive biology
    • Evolutionary biology
    • Primate reproductive anatomy and physiology

    Background:

    • Sexual selection influences primate reproduction, particularly in species with female multiple-partner matings.
    • Sperm competition occurs when rival male sperm compete for fertilization.
    • The female reproductive system also affects sperm survival and transport, suggesting cryptic female choice.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review current knowledge on sperm competition and cryptic female choice in primates and other mammals.
    • To discuss the relevance of comparative studies to human reproduction and evolution.

    Main Methods:

    • Comparative review of existing literature on primate and mammalian reproductive biology.
    • Analysis of studies focusing on copulatory and postcopulatory sexual selection.
    • Examination of female reproductive tract influences on male reproductive success.

    Main Results:

    • Sperm competition is a significant evolutionary force in primates with multi-partner mating systems.
    • Cryptic female choice, mediated by the female reproductive tract, also plays a crucial role in male reproductive success.
    • Comparative data reveal conserved and divergent mechanisms across mammalian species.

    Conclusions:

    • Both sperm competition and cryptic female choice are key evolutionary mechanisms shaping primate reproduction.
    • Understanding these processes in mammals provides insights into human reproductive strategies and evolution.
    • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the complex interplay between male and female reproductive traits.