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Dental Pulp Tissue Engineering Using Mesenchymal Stem Cells: a Review with a Protocol.

Tomoatsu Kaneko1, Bin Gu2, Phyo Pyai Sone2

  • 1Department of Pulp Biology and Endodontics, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Yushima 1-5-45, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan. tomoendo@tmd.ac.jp.

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports
|May 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study details a rat model for dental pulp tissue engineering using bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). The protocol shows successful pulp regeneration and dentin bridge formation, offering insights into dental repair mechanisms.

Keywords:
Dental pulpImplantationMesenchymal stem cellRatTissue engineering

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Dental Research

Background:

  • Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent adult stem cells with regenerative potential.
  • Dental pulp tissue engineering aims to restore damaged dental pulp using regenerative approaches.
  • Previous research has explored MSCs for dental applications, but in vivo models are crucial for validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present an established in vivo protocol for dental pulp tissue engineering in rats.
  • To investigate the regenerative capacity of bone marrow MSCs in a pulpotomized molar model.
  • To provide a foundation for further research into the molecular mechanisms of pulp regeneration.

Main Methods:

  • Isolation and implantation of rat bone marrow MSCs into pulpotomized rat molars.
  • Utilizing biodegradable scaffolds and hydrogels to support cell delivery and tissue formation.
  • Sealing the coronal cavity with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to ensure a biocompatible seal.

Main Results:

  • Achieved nearly complete regeneration and healing of the coronal pulp.
  • Observed significant dentin bridge formation, indicating successful hard tissue regeneration.
  • The MTA seal contributed to a favorable environment for pulp regeneration.

Conclusions:

  • The described rat model is effective for studying dental pulp regeneration using MSCs.
  • This protocol facilitates the investigation of histological and molecular mechanisms underlying pulp repair.
  • The findings support the potential of MSC-based therapies for dental regeneration.