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Vitamins01:30

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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
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Imaging Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Mice with Reporter Enzyme Fluorescence
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Vitamin D and tuberculosis: where next?

S Brighenti1, P Bergman2, A R Martineau3

  • 1Department of Medicine, Center for Infectious Medicine (CIM), Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden.

Journal of Internal Medicine
|May 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin D deficiency increases tuberculosis (TB) risk. While vitamin D supplementation shows modest effects in treating active TB, its potential in preventing TB infection warrants further investigation.

Keywords:
antimicrobial peptidesclinical trialsimmunotherapyinflammationtuberculosisvitamins

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with current treatments being lengthy and complex.
  • Vitamin D deficiency is linked to an increased risk of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection and active TB disease progression.
  • Historical use and in vitro data suggest vitamin D supports immune responses against Mtb.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the effects of vitamin D on host immune responses to Mtb.
  • To analyze clinical trial results on vitamin D supplementation for TB treatment and prevention.
  • To explore the potential role of vitamin D in preventing TB acquisition or reactivation.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro and in vivo studies on vitamin D's impact on Mtb.
  • Review of randomized controlled trials evaluating adjunctive vitamin D for pulmonary TB.
  • Analysis of clinical trials on vitamin D for acute respiratory tract infections.

Main Results:

  • Adjunctive vitamin D supplementation has shown modest effects in enhancing TB treatment response.
  • Evidence suggests vitamin D supports innate immune mechanisms crucial for controlling Mtb.
  • Clinical trial outcomes for TB treatment have been modest, prompting research into preventative roles.

Conclusions:

  • Vitamin D plays a role in host defense against Mtb.
  • Current evidence for vitamin D as an adjunct TB treatment is modest.
  • Future research should focus on vitamin D's potential in TB prevention and explore optimized trial designs.