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Role of Hippocampus in Memory

Role of Hippocampus in Memory

The hippocampus, a critical brain structure, plays an essential role in memory processing, particularly in the formation and retrieval of memory. This small, seahorse-shaped region is located within the medial temporal lobe, with one hippocampus in each brain hemisphere. Experimental studies involving lesions in the hippocampi of rats have demonstrated significant impairments in tasks such as object recognition and maze navigation, indicating the hippocampus involvement in both recognition and...

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Prolactin system in the hippocampus.

José Carretero^1,2,3, Virginia Sánchez-Robledo^4,5, Marta Carretero-Hernández⁶

¹Department of Human Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain. jcar@usal.es.

Cell and Tissue Research

|May 29, 2018

Summary

Prolactin, a hormone, plays a newly recognized role in the hippocampus, enhancing neurogenesis and memory. Further research is needed to understand its regulation and neuroprotective functions.

Keywords:

Hippocampus Learning and memory Neuroprotection Prolactin Prolactin receptor

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Area of Science:

Neuroendocrinology
Neurobiology
Molecular Psychiatry

Background:

Prolactin exhibits over 300 biological actions, with recent focus on its role in hippocampal neurogenesis.
Prolactin and its receptors are present in the hippocampus, particularly in the Ammon's horn and dentate gyrus.
This suggests a potential neuroprotective role for prolactin in learning, memory, and emotional processes.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the general aspects of prolactin and its receptors.
To summarize current knowledge on prolactin's function in the brain, with a specific emphasis on the hippocampus.
To highlight the emerging understanding of prolactin's neuroprotective and memory-related functions.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing studies on prolactin and the hippocampus.
Analysis of research on prolactin's biological actions and receptor distribution.
Synthesis of findings related to prolactin's influence on neurogenesis, plasticity, and memory consolidation.

Main Results:

Prolactin enhances hippocampal synaptogenesis, neuronal plasticity, and memory consolidation.
It acts as a neuronal protector against excitotoxicity via its receptors.
Prolactin's presence and potential synthesis within the hippocampus are noted, though regulatory mechanisms remain unclear.

Conclusions:

The hippocampus is a novel site for prolactin action, impacting cognitive and emotional functions.
While prolactin's neuroprotective role is promising, its regulation in the hippocampus requires further investigation.
This review provides a foundation for understanding prolactin's complex involvement in brain health and function.