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Related Concept Videos

Partial Fractions01:28

Partial Fractions

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A partial fraction is a component of a rational expression represented as the sum of simpler fractions. When a rational function is expressed as a ratio of two polynomials, it can often be decomposed into a sum of fractions whose denominators are simpler polynomials, typically linear or irreducible quadratic factors. This process is called partial fraction decomposition, and it is used to simplify complex expressions for integration, solving equations, or analysis.Partial fraction decomposition...
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Mixtures of Gases: Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures and Mole Fractions03:03

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Unless individual gases chemically react with each other, the individual gases in a mixture of gases do not affect each other’s pressure. Each gas in a mixture exerts the same pressure that it would exert if it were present alone in the container. The pressure exerted by each individual gas in a mixture is called its partial pressure.
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Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure01:11

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The partial pressure of a gas is a measure of the thermodynamic activity of the gas's molecules. The pressure that a gas would create if it occupied the total volume available is called the gas's partial pressure. If two or more gases are mixed together in a container, the molecules move randomly and collide with each other, causing them to reach thermal equilibrium. When the gases have the same temperature, their molecules have the same average kinetic energy. Thus, each gas obeys the...
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Buffer Effectiveness02:19

Buffer Effectiveness

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Buffer solutions do not have an unlimited capacity to keep the pH relatively constant . Instead, the ability of a buffer solution to resist changes in pH relies on the presence of appreciable amounts of its conjugate weak acid-base pair. When enough strong acid or base is added to substantially lower the concentration of either member of the buffer pair, the buffering action within the solution is compromised.
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Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge03:08

Atomic Radii and Effective Nuclear Charge

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The elements in groups of the periodic table exhibit similar chemical behavior. This similarity occurs because the members of a group have the same number and distribution of electrons in their valence shells.
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Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters01:01

Dosage Regimens: Partial Pharmacokinetic Parameters

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It is not uncommon for complete drug pharmacokinetic profiles to remain elusive in pharmacokinetics. This necessitates certain educated assumptions by pharmacokineticists to determine appropriate dosage regimens without comprehensive pharmacokinetic data from animal or human studies. One prevalent assumption is setting the bioavailability factor, denoted as F, to 1 or 100%. This assumption caters to the scenario where a drug doesn't achieve full systemic absorption, resulting in the patient...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Robot-assisted Partial Splenectomy
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Cost-effectiveness analysis of robot-assisted vs. open partial nephrectomy.

Stephan Buse1,2, Carolin E Hach1, Phillip Klumpen1

  • 1Department of Urology and Urologic Oncology, Alfried Krupp Krankenhaus, Essen, Germany.

The International Journal of Medical Robotics + Computer Assisted Surgery : MRCAS
|May 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) offers nominally lower costs and fewer complications than open partial nephrectomy (OPN). However, RAPN’s cost-effectiveness is reduced in centers with limited surgical experience.

Keywords:
computer-assisted surgerynephrectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Health Economics
  • Surgical Technology

Background:

  • The comparative cost-effectiveness of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) versus open partial nephrectomy (OPN) remains unclear.
  • Establishing the economic value of minimally invasive surgical techniques is crucial for healthcare resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the in-hospital costs and complication rates associated with RAPN compared to OPN.
  • To determine the cost-effectiveness of RAPN in the United States healthcare system.

Main Methods:

  • An economic model was developed to estimate costs and complications for RAPN and OPN.
  • Data on intraoperative and in-hospital costs were extracted from existing US literature.
  • Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the impact of center experience on cost-effectiveness.

Main Results:

  • Mean in-hospital costs were slightly lower for RAPN ($14,824) compared to OPN ($15,094).
  • RAPN demonstrated a significantly lower complication rate (23.3%) than OPN (36.1%).
  • Limited center experience was linked to increased RAPN costs and diminished cost-effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • RAPN is associated with nominally lower costs and fewer perioperative complications than OPN in the US.
  • The cost-effectiveness of RAPN is dependent on surgical center experience.
  • RAPN may not be cost-effective in centers with limited experience in the procedure.