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Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography
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Hemodynamic Precision in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit using Targeted Neonatal Echocardiography

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Neonatal leukaemia.

Irene Roberts1,2,3, Nicholas J Fordham1, Anupama Rao4

  • 1MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, Centre for Haematology, Oxford, UK.

British Journal of Haematology
|May 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neonatal leukaemia, a rare congenital condition, often presents as acute myeloid leukaemia with specific genetic abnormalities. Some cases, particularly those with t(8;16), may experience spontaneous remission.

Keywords:
KMT2Acongenital leukaemianeonatal leukaemiaspontaneous remission

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Hematology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neonatal leukaemia is a rare congenital malignancy occurring within the first 28 days of life.
  • It predominantly manifests as acute myeloid leukaemia (AML), often with monocytic features, or acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL).
  • Transient abnormal myelopoiesis associated with Down syndrome is excluded from this review.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on the clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular characteristics of neonatal leukaemia.
  • To discuss the clinical management strategies for these rare childhood cancers.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of clinical, cytogenetic, and molecular data on neonatal leukaemia.
  • Synthesis of information regarding disease presentation, genetic alterations, and treatment approaches.

Main Results:

  • Two-thirds of cases are AML, frequently with monocytic/monoblastic features; others are ALL (primarily B-lineage), mixed phenotype, or blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasms.
  • Common cytogenetic/molecular abnormalities include KMT2A-AFF1, RBM15-MKL1, and KAT6A-CREBBP fusions.
  • Clinical features often include hepatosplenomegaly and skin involvement, sometimes without bone marrow disease; spontaneous remission occurs in some cases, notably with t(8;16).

Conclusions:

  • Neonatal leukaemia exhibits distinct clinical, genetic, and molecular profiles.
  • Understanding these features is crucial for effective clinical management and warrants further research into spontaneous remission mechanisms.