Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance01:14

Frustration and Conflict: Avoidance-Avoidance, Double-Approach Avoidance

694
Avoidance-avoidance conflict refers to a psychological situation where a person must choose between two or more unpleasant alternatives. These conflicts are particularly stressful because neither option is desirable. This dilemma is often expressed in sayings like "caught between a rock and a hard place" or "between the devil and the deep blue sea." For instance, individuals who fear dental procedures may find themselves torn between enduring a painful toothache or facing the...
694
Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance01:20

Frustration and Conflict: Approach-Approach, Approach-Avoidance

540
Frustration occurs when people are obstructed or prevented from achieving a desired goal or fulfilling a perceived need. For example, when someone's input is ignored in a discussion, it can lead to feelings of frustration. Conflict, however, arises from opposing interests, goals, or actions. Conflicts can take various forms based on the nature of these opposing desires or goals.
One common type of conflict is the Approach–Approach Conflict. In this case, a person faces two desirable...
540
Correlations02:20

Correlations

36.5K
Correlation means that there is a relationship between two or more variables (such as ice cream consumption and crime), but this relationship does not necessarily imply cause and effect. When two variables are correlated, it simply means that as one variable changes, so does the other. We can measure correlation by calculating a statistic known as a correlation coefficient. A correlation coefficient is a number from -1 to +1 that indicates the strength and direction of the relationship between...
36.5K
Correlation and Causation01:27

Correlation and Causation

42.9K
Statistical tests can calculate whether there is a relationship, or correlation, between independent and dependent variables. An indirect relationship of the variables signifies a correlation, while a direct relationship shows causation. If it is determined that no connection exists between the variables, then the correlation is a coincidence.
Correlation versus Causation
If the dependent variable increases or decreases when the independent variable increases, there is a positive or negative...
42.9K
Intelligence01:27

Intelligence

8.7K
The term "intelligence" is complex because it refers to both behavior and individuals, and its interpretation varies across cultures. European Americans tend to link intelligence with reasoning and cognitive skills, while in Kenya, it is tied to responsible participation in family and social life. In Uganda, intelligence is seen as the ability to know the right actions and carry them out effectively, while the Iatmul people of Papua New Guinea associate it with the capacity to remember...
8.7K
Correlation01:09

Correlation

15.2K
In statistics, two variables are said to be correlated if the values of one variable are associated with the other variable. Depending on the relationship between two variables, correlation can be of three types– positive correlation, negative correlation, and zero correlation.
Two variables, for example, a and b, are said to be positively correlated if both variables move in the same direction. In other words, a positive correlation exists between two variables, a and b, if:
15.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Hemodynamic Responses to Word Forms in Japanese Infant-Directed Vocabulary in 5- and 9-Month-Old Infants: Early Sensitivity to Prosodic Structure and Emergence of Prosodic Representations.

Developmental science·2026
Same author

Disrupted Salience Network and Its Deteriorated Interaction With the Central Executive Network in Anorexia Nervosa: A Multicenter Study.

Biological psychiatry global open science·2026
Same author

Neural responses to virtual avatars are shaped by user preference and personality traits.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Gender differences in interpersonal emotion regulation: A hyperscanning study of neural and behavioral synchrony.

NeuroImage·2025
Same author

Three value-based factors predict perceived difficulty in moral decision-making.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

The neural correlates of nominal classification rule learning and their individual differences.

Brain and language·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions
10:45

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

Published on: July 6, 2011

12.2K

Approach or avoidance: Neural correlates of intelligence evaluation from faces.

Yoritaka Akimoto1,2, Ryuichi Yamazaki3, Motoaki Sugiura1,4

  • 1Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan.

The European Journal of Neuroscience
|May 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Brain activity reveals how we judge intelligence from faces. The right caudate nucleus shows linear responses to perceived intelligence, while the anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus shows U-shaped responses, indicating complex social evaluations.

Keywords:
anterior insulacaudate nucleusfriendlinesssocial cognition

More Related Videos

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
14:04

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

13.1K
Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia
08:58

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia

Published on: May 1, 2021

4.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions
10:45

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Observing Virtual Social Interactions

Published on: July 6, 2011

12.2K
Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation
14:04

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

13.1K
Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia
08:58

Artificial Intelligence Approaches to Assessing Primary Cilia

Published on: May 1, 2021

4.2K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Intelligence is a key factor in social status and power dynamics.
  • Understanding the neural basis of social perception, particularly intelligence evaluation, is crucial for comprehending human interaction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural correlates associated with evaluating perceived intelligence and friendliness from facial cues using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To explore the relationship between perceived intelligence, friendliness, attractiveness, and brain activity patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to monitor brain activity in participants.
  • Participants rated the perceived intelligence and friendliness of various faces.
  • Correlations between brain activity, behavioral ratings, and reaction times were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Medial orbitofrontal cortex activity correlated linearly with friendliness ratings.
  • Right caudate nucleus activity showed a positive linear relationship with perceived intelligence.
  • Right anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus exhibited a U-shaped response pattern related to perceived intelligence.
  • Perceived intelligence was positively correlated with friendliness and attractiveness ratings.
  • Increased reaction times in friendliness judgments for intelligent-looking faces suggested cognitive conflict.

Conclusions:

  • Brain regions like the caudate nucleus and anterior insula/inferior frontal gyrus are involved in processing perceived intelligence from faces.
  • An approach-avoidance conflict may underlie the perception of highly intelligent individuals, who are seen as attractive yet potentially threatening.
  • These findings offer insights into social cognition and the role of intelligence in social hierarchies.