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Review and Preview

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...

Review and Preview

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...

Understanding the Self

Understanding the Self

The self is a central aspect of human identity, encompassing an individual’s beliefs, emotions, perceptions, and experiences. It is a cognitive and psychological construct that enables individuals to interpret their traits and behaviors, influencing how they perceive themselves and interact with the world. While personality consists of stable and enduring characteristics, the self is shaped by self-perception and social experiences. This distinction highlights the dynamic nature of the...

Understanding Self-Concept

Understanding Self-Concept

The self-concept encompasses individuals' beliefs about themselves, structured through cognitive frameworks known as self-schemas. These schemas function as mental representations of specific traits or behaviors, influencing how self-relevant information is perceived, processed, and remembered. For example, individuals who are schematic for body weight are more likely to interpret routine experiences—such as dining out or shopping—through the lens of that trait. Conversely, those...

Understanding Deception

Understanding Deception

Deception is a pervasive aspect of human communication. Empirical studies have shown that most individuals engage in some form of deceit on a daily basis, with approximately 20% of social exchanges involving deceptive elements. Lying follows a developmental trajectory, peaking during adolescence and declining with age, possibly due to the maturation of cognitive control and social accountability.Cognitive and Social Factors in Deception DetectionDespite its prevalence, accurately detecting...

Lung Capacity

Lung Capacity

The air in the lungs is measured in volumes and capacities. Lung volume measures reflect the amount of air taken in, released, or left over after a lung function, like a single inhalation. Lung capacity measures are sums of two or more lung volume measures.

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Understanding Lung-RADS 1.0: A Case-Based Review.

Myrna C B Godoy¹, Erika G L C Odisio¹, Jeremy J Erasmus¹

¹Department of Diagnostic Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR

|May 30, 2018

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Lung cancer screening using low-dose computed tomography (CT) significantly reduces mortality. Lung-RADS provides standardized guidelines for interpreting CT scans and managing lung cancer screening programs, improving patient outcomes.

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Area of Science:

Pulmonology
Radiology
Oncology

Background:

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the US.
Low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening reduces lung cancer mortality by 20% compared to chest radiography, as shown by the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST).
Lung cancer screening programs are increasingly implemented in US institutions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review Lung-RADS categories and management recommendations for lung cancer screening.
To emphasize the importance of Lung-RADS for standardizing interpretations and improving quality assurance.
To facilitate outcome monitoring, auditing, and research in lung cancer screening.

Main Methods:

Review of Lung-RADS version 1.0 categories and management recommendations.
Case-based approach to illustrate the application of Lung-RADS.
Focus on standardization of lexicon, reporting, and management in lung cancer screening CT.

Main Results:

Lung-RADS standardizes lung cancer screening CT lexicon, reporting, and management.
It reduces confusion in CT interpretations and facilitates outcome monitoring and auditing.
Familiarity with Lung-RADS is essential for radiologists and medical personnel in screening programs.

Conclusions:

Lung-RADS is a crucial quality assurance tool for lung cancer screening programs.
Standardization through Lung-RADS improves the effectiveness and consistency of lung cancer screening practices.
Adoption of Lung-RADS is vital for radiologists and multidisciplinary teams involved in lung cancer screening.