Age-related lead increase in human permanent teeth demonstrated by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence

The combined use of a systematic sampling procedure with energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence on non-erupted and erupted permanent premolars and molars in patients aged 9 to 64 years, who have lived all their lives in Strasbourg, showed a higher total lead content in dentine compared to enamel, with an approximate ratio of 2:1. In addition, a lead increase was observed in both tissues with age. The lead increase in dentine was more significant and the highest lead values were noted in the inner pulpal dentine layer of the oldest age group. When compared to similar lead studies made on permanent teeth in urban areas, it can be concluded that the lead content in the teeth of the inhabitants of Strasbourg can be considered as low.