Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Integration of Synaptic Events01:28

Integration of Synaptic Events

4.2K
Synaptic integration mainly includes the summation of graded potentials. Graded potentials, regardless of their type, cause subtle alterations in membrane voltage, resulting in either depolarization or hyperpolarization. These incremental changes, when combined or summed, can propel the neuron toward its threshold. Consider, for example, a membrane experiencing a +15 mV shift, causing it to depolarize from -70 mV to -55 mV. In this scenario, graded potentials govern the membrane's ability to...
4.2K
Gas Exchange and Transport01:20

Gas Exchange and Transport

77.1K
Gas exchange, the intake of molecular oxygen (O2) from the environment and the outflow of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the environment, is necessary for cellular function. Gas exchange during respiration occurs largely via the movement of gas molecules along pressure gradients. Gas travels from areas of higher partial pressure to areas of lower partial pressure. In mammals, gas exchange occurs in the alveoli of the lungs, which are adjacent to capillaries and share a membrane with them.
77.1K
Energy Basics02:27

Energy Basics

47.8K
Chemical reactions, such as those that occur when you light a match, involve changes in energy as well as matter.
47.8K
Social Exchange Theory02:06

Social Exchange Theory

40.8K
We have discussed why we form relationships, what attracts us to others, and different types of love. But what determines whether we are satisfied with and stay in a relationship? One theory that provides an explanation is social exchange theory. According to social exchange theory, we act as naïve economists in keeping a tally of the ratio of costs and benefits of forming and maintaining a relationship with others (Rusbult & Van Lange, 2003).
40.8K
Internal Energy02:00

Internal Energy

36.8K
The total of all possible kinds of energy present in a substance is called the internal energy (U), sometimes symbolized as E. Suppose a system with initial internal energy, Uinitial, undergoes a change in energy (transfer of work or heat), and the final internal energy of the system is Ufinal. Change in internal energy equals the difference between Ufinal and Uinitial.
36.8K
Energy Budgets00:51

Energy Budgets

10.9K
Organisms must balance energy intake with the energy required for growth, maintenance and reproduction. These trade-offs result in a variety of survivorship and reproductive strategies, including semelparity and iteroparity. Semelparous species, like annual plants, have only one reproductive episode in their lifetimes and consequently have short lifespans. Iteroparous species, by contrast, have many reproductive events during their lifetimes but have relatively few offspring. These two...
10.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Objects feel stiffer in the nondominant hand when comparing between hands.

Journal of neurophysiology·2026
Same author

The influence of blindness on auditory context dependency.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2025
Same author

A neurocognitive pathway for engineering artificial touch.

Science advances·2024
Same author

Orientation control strategies and adaptation to a visuomotor perturbation in rotational hand movements.

PLoS computational biology·2022
Same author

I'm not a little kid anymore! Reciprocal social influence in child-adult interaction.

Royal Society open science·2021
Same author

The MoCA dataset, kinematic and multi-view visual streams of fine-grained cooking actions.

Scientific data·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Site-Directed φC31-Mediated Integration and Cassette Exchange in Anopheles Vectors of Malaria
09:38

Site-Directed φC31-Mediated Integration and Cassette Exchange in Anopheles Vectors of Malaria

Published on: February 2, 2021

4.6K

Energy exchanges at contact events guide sensorimotor integration.

Ali Farshchian1,2, Alessandra Sciutti2,3, Assaf Pressman4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, United States.

Elife
|May 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The brain represents arm inertia not continuously, but at discrete moments of energy exchange. This finding explains movement errors like dysmetria and offers new insights into cerebellar ataxia.

Keywords:
humankinetic energymotor controlneurosciencesensory integration

More Related Videos

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments
09:43

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Published on: April 15, 2014

11.0K
Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
07:55

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

11.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Site-Directed φC31-Mediated Integration and Cassette Exchange in Anopheles Vectors of Malaria
09:38

Site-Directed φC31-Mediated Integration and Cassette Exchange in Anopheles Vectors of Malaria

Published on: February 2, 2021

4.6K
A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments
09:43

A Fully Automated Rodent Conditioning Protocol for Sensorimotor Integration and Cognitive Control Experiments

Published on: April 15, 2014

11.0K
Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device
07:55

Ion-Exchange Membranes for the Fabrication of Reverse Electrodialysis Device

Published on: July 20, 2021

11.8K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Motor Control
  • Biomechanics

Background:

  • Accurate prediction of arm movement requires the brain to account for limb inertia.
  • Current understanding suggests continuous integration of sensory information for motor control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the brain's representation of arm inertia is updated continuously or at discrete events.
  • To explore the role of kinetic energy exchange in updating inertia representation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a visuomotor delay to create discrepancies between visual and proprioceptive feedback.
  • Analyzed changes in arm inertia representation during isolated collision events.

Main Results:

  • Evidence suggests inertia representation is updated at discrete transient events, not continuously.
  • The brain compensates for cross-modal sensory differences by adjusting inertia representation.
  • This compensation maintains an invariant estimate of energy exchange across sensory modalities.

Conclusions:

  • Arm inertia is integrated at discrete moments of kinetic energy exchange.
  • This discrete integration mechanism explains observed dysmetria and offers a novel perspective on cerebellar ataxia.
  • Findings challenge the notion of continuous sensory integration in motor control.