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Related Concept Videos

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders01:20

Gastrointestinal Motility Disorders

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Gastrointestinal or GI motility disorders are characterized by irregular gastrointestinal tract movements, disrupting food transit from the mouth to the anus. They are caused by damage or dysfunction in gut muscles or nerves. These disorders can cause symptoms such as severe constipation, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and swallowing difficulties. Disorders can affect any segment of the GI tract and range widely in severity, from common conditions like GERD to life-threatening conditions like...
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Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

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This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
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Nuclear Stability03:18

Nuclear Stability

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Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
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Nuclear Fusion02:45

Nuclear Fusion

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The process of converting very light nuclei into heavier nuclei is also accompanied by the conversion of mass into large amounts of energy, a process called fusion. The principal source of energy in the sun is a net fusion reaction in which four hydrogen nuclei fuse and ultimately produce one helium nucleus and two positrons.
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Non-nuclear Inheritance01:29

Non-nuclear Inheritance

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Most DNA resides in the nucleus of a cell. However, some organelles in the cell cytoplasm⁠—such as chloroplasts and mitochondria⁠—also have their own DNA. These organelles replicate their DNA independently of the nuclear DNA of the cell in which they reside. Non-nuclear inheritance describes the inheritance of genes from structures other than the nucleus.
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Nuclear Export of mRNA02:31

Nuclear Export of mRNA

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Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...
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Updated: Feb 10, 2026

Gastrointestinal Motility Monitor GIMM
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Nuclear Scintigraphy in Practice: Gastrointestinal Motility.

Lilja B Solnes1, Sara Sheikhbahaei1, Harvey A Ziessman1

  • 11 The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 601 N Caroline St, Baltimore, MD 21287.

AJR. American Journal of Roentgenology
|May 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Gastrointestinal transit scintigraphy offers a noninvasive, quantitative method for diagnosing motility disorders. This review details its clinical utility and performance for various digestive tract segments.

Keywords:
esophageal transitgastric emptyinggastrointestinal transitgastroparesisintestinal motility

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Area of Science:

  • Nuclear medicine
  • Gastroenterology
  • Diagnostic imaging

Background:

  • Gastrointestinal (GI) motility disorders affect millions, causing significant discomfort and diagnostic challenges.
  • Accurate assessment of GI transit is crucial for effective patient management.
  • Traditional methods may lack the quantitative and physiologic detail needed for complex cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the clinical utility of advanced gastrointestinal transit scintigraphy.
  • To provide an overview of standardized scintigraphic procedures for esophageal, gastric, small bowel, and colon transit.
  • To emphasize the importance of optimal procedure performance for accurate diagnostic outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of state-of-the-art gastrointestinal transit scintigraphy techniques.
  • Detailed description of standardized protocols for esophageal transit, gastric emptying (solid and liquid), small-bowel transit, colon transit, and whole-gut transit.
  • Focus on procedural aspects and performance optimization.

Main Results:

  • Gastrointestinal transit scintigraphy provides noninvasive, quantitative, and physiologic data.
  • Standardized protocols ensure reliable assessment of motility across the entire GI tract.
  • Emphasis on procedure performance enhances diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility.

Conclusions:

  • Radionuclide gastrointestinal motility studies are valuable diagnostic tools.
  • These noninvasive studies aid in evaluating patients presenting with diverse gastrointestinal complaints.
  • Scintigraphy offers a comprehensive, quantitative approach to assessing GI transit and motility.