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Circulating activated suppressor T lymphocytes in aplastic anemia.

N C Zoumbos, P Gascón, J Y Djeu

    The New England Journal of Medicine
    |January 31, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Activated suppressor T lymphocytes producing interferon are implicated in aplastic anemia pathogenesis. These findings highlight the role of these cells in bone marrow failure and suggest new diagnostic markers.

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    Area of Science:

    • Immunology
    • Hematology
    • Cell Biology

    Background:

    • Aplastic anemia is a bone marrow failure disorder.
    • The mechanism of hematopoietic suppression in aplastic anemia is not fully understood.
    • The role of immune cells, specifically T lymphocytes, in aplastic anemia requires further investigation.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the mechanism of hematopoietic suppression in aplastic anemia.
    • To identify specific lymphocyte subpopulations involved in aplastic anemia pathogenesis.
    • To correlate lymphocyte activation markers with interferon production and hematopoietic suppression in vitro.

    Main Methods:

    • Two-color flow microfluorometric analysis of lymphocyte subpopulations.
    • Monoclonal antibody staining for Leu-2, HLA-DR, and Tac antigen.

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  • In vitro co-culture of patient lymphocytes with normal bone marrow.
  • Interferon production assays.
  • Cell sorting based on Tac antigen expression.

    • Main Results:

    • A significant increase in activated suppressor T lymphocytes (Leu-2+, HLA-DR+) was observed in aplastic anemia patients.
    • Tac antigen expression was markedly elevated on suppressor lymphocytes in aplastic anemia.
    • Only Tac-positive cells produced interferon and exhibited hematopoietic suppressor activity in vitro.
    • Elimination of suppressor lymphocytes reduced interferon production by bone marrow cells.

    Conclusions:

    • Activated suppressor T lymphocytes producing interferon play a role in the pathogenesis of aplastic anemia.
    • The findings suggest that these activated suppressor lymphocytes contribute to bone marrow failure.
    • Defined lymphokine and phenotypic markers, such as Tac antigen, are useful for studying aplastic anemia.