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Related Concept Videos

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function04:05

A Versatile, Behavioral Method to Investigate Thyroid Hormone Effects on Cerebellar Function

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Here we present a protocol for a versatile behavior test developed recently, the ladder beam test. This test has the advantage of detecting subtle cerebellar ataxia caused by a defect of thyroid hormone action in the central nervous system over the conventional behavior tests assessing motor performance.
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In vivo Characterization of Endocrine Disrupting Chemical Effects via Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator Mouse04:14

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The Thyroid Hormone Action Indicator mouse model was developed to enable tissue-specific quantification of local thyroid hormone action using its endogenous regulatory machinery. Recently, it has been shown that the model is suitable for characterizing endocrine-disrupting chemicals interacting with thyroid hormone economy, both by ex vivo and in vivo...
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An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast12:31

An Ex vivo Model to Study Hormone Action in the Human Breast

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We have developed a novel ex vivo model to study hormone action in the human breast. It is based on tissue microstructures isolated from surgical breast tissue specimens which preserve tissue architecture, intercellular interactions, and paracrine...
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Functions of Thyroid Hormones01:18

Functions of Thyroid Hormones

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The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a pivotal role in the intricate orchestration of physiological processes, exerting profound effects on development, metabolism, and homeostasis throughout different life stages.
TH is indispensable for the normal development and maturation of the skeletal, muscular, and nervous systems during fetal and childhood growth. It facilitates bone mineral turnover and regulates protein synthesis in developing tissues, contributing significantly to overall growth and...
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Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones01:20

Synthesis and Regulation of Thyroid Hormones

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Low blood levels of the thyroid hormones — triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) — signal the hypothalamus to release the thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). TRH then reaches the pituitary gland and stimulates the release of thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH) into the bloodstream.
Upon reaching the thyroid gland, TSH stimulates the follicular cells' active uptake of iodide ions from the blood. The ions diffuse to the apical surface of the cells and are oxidized to iodine. The...
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Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action01:26

Secondary Messengers in Hormone Action

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Water-soluble hormones cannot cross the plasma membrane, so they rely on protein receptors that span the membrane to trigger intracellular signaling pathways. These pathways then activate second messengers inside the cell, including cAMP or calcium ions.
Many hormones bind to transmembrane G protein-coupled receptors that connect to regulatory G proteins. These G proteins can then activate enzymes such as adenylyl cyclase or phospholipase C. Adenylyl cyclase converts ATP to cAMP, activating...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse
04:05

Author Spotlight: Accurately Assessing Thyroid Hormone-Driven Motor Alterations in Mouse

Published on: October 6, 2023

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Thyroid hormone action at the nuclear level.

J H Oppenheimer

    Annals of Internal Medicine
    |March 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Thyroid hormone action involves nuclear receptors and transport into the nucleus. Triiodothyronine regulates specific mRNAs, including S14, impacting fatty acid metabolism.

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    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Endocrinology
    • Gene Regulation
    • Cellular Transport

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormones are crucial regulators of cellular metabolism.
    • Understanding thyroid hormone action at the molecular level is ongoing.
    • Nuclear receptors play a key role in mediating thyroid hormone effects.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To elucidate the mechanisms of thyroid hormone action.
    • To identify specific genes regulated by thyroid hormones.
    • To investigate the role of thyroid hormone signaling in metabolic processes.

    Main Methods:

    • Chromatin analysis to study nuclear receptor integration.
    • Transport assays to track triiodothyronine translocation.
    • Two-dimensional mRNA activity profiling to assess gene expression changes.
    • Identification and characterization of specific mRNA sequences (e.g., S14).

    Main Results:

    • Triiodothyronine is translocated to the nucleus via a stereospecific, energy-dependent system.
    • Thyroid hormone and carbohydrate metabolism interact multiplicatively to induce mRNAs in the liver.
    • Approximately 8% of mRNA sequences are altered by thyroid status.
    • A specific mRNA (mRNAs14) coding for protein S14 responds rapidly to triiodothyronine.
    • S14 is found in lipogenic tissues, suggesting a role in fatty acid metabolism.

    Conclusions:

    • Thyroid hormone action involves nuclear receptor complex formation and mRNA regulation.
    • Protein S14 is a key mediator of thyroid hormone effects on lipogenic tissues.
    • Thyroid hormones significantly impact gene expression profiles related to metabolism.