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Hypothalamic dysfunction in overtrained athletes.

J L Barron, T D Noakes, W Levy

    The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
    |April 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Overtraining syndrome in athletes may stem from hypothalamic dysfunction. Impaired hormonal responses to hypoglycemia in overtrained athletes recovered after rest, suggesting a potential diagnostic marker for this condition.

    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Sports Medicine
    • Exercise Physiology

    Background:

    • Overtraining syndrome (OTS) affects athletes undergoing prolonged strenuous training.
    • The underlying pathophysiology of OTS remains largely unknown.
    • Hypothalamic-pituitary axis function is a potential area of investigation for OTS.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate hypothalamic-pituitary function in asymptomatic and overtrained male marathon runners.
    • To assess hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia as a potential marker for OTS.
    • To evaluate the impact of strenuous training and subsequent rest on hormonal profiles.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied hormonal responses (cortisol, ACTH, GH, PRL, LH, TSH) to insulin-induced hypoglycemia and LHRH/TRH stimulation.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Compared responses in five asymptomatic marathon runners across a 4-month training period with varying race distances (42, 56, 92 km).
  • Assessed four overtrained male athletes, testing them both during overtraining and after 4 weeks of rest.

    • Main Results:

    • Overtrained athletes exhibited significantly lower plasma cortisol, ACTH, GH, and PRL responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia compared to their post-rest state and asymptomatic runners.
    • Hormonal responses in asymptomatic runners remained consistent before and after long-distance races.
    • Luteinizing hormone (LH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and prolactin (PRL) responses to LHRH and TRH were normal in both groups.

    Conclusions:

    • Impaired hormonal responses to insulin-induced hypoglycemia in overtrained athletes suggest hypothalamic dysfunction.
    • Recovery of these hormonal responses after a period of rest indicates the reversibility of this dysfunction.
    • These findings propose that altered hormonal responses to hypoglycemia may serve as a diagnostic marker for overtraining syndrome in athletes.